الفهرس 
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Abstract
apical plugs (mineral trioxide aggregate, glass-ionomer cement, Polymethyl methacrylate bone cement, Polymethyl methacrylate bone cement containing antibiotic) for one visit apexification of non-vital immature teeth, on the healing of periapical tissues. This test aimed to histopathologically examine the biocompatibility of the tested materials by implanting the materials in subcutaneous tissue of Albino rats. the materials were placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted into dorsal connective tissue of Wistar albino rats, and tissue biopsies were collected and histologically examined 2,7, 15 and 30 days after the implantation procedure Clinical and Radiographica Results There was no significant difference between treatment outcome of MTA (92.9 %) and either BC (83.3 %) or BC/Antibiotic (84.6 %). However there was a significant difference between GI (46.2 %) and other three groups .There was highly statistically significant difference between stage two (33.4 %) and stages 4 (87.5 %) and 3(77.3 %) respectively; p = 0.001, P=0.02, in healing treatment outcome. While there was no significant difference between stage 4 and stages 3 (P=0.32) in treatment outcome.
Histological Results The mean number of inflammatory cells in the experimental groups; group 3 (GI) and group 4 (BC/Antibiotic) was significantly higher than group 5 (control) (p < 0.05). The mean number of chronic inflammatory cells adjacent to group 3 (GI) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in all other groups. Conclusions - A successful clinical outcome obtained with MTA and two types of PMMA bone cement (with or without antibiotic) was higher than with Glass ionomer cement apical plug. - MTA and PMMA bone cement had a higher degree of biocompatibility compared to PMMA bone cement contain antibiotic and Glass ionomer cement.