الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pregnancy has profound effects on the regulation of thyroid function in healthy women and patients with thyroid disorders. These effects need to be recognized, precisely assessed, clearly interpreted, and correctly managed. For healthy pregnant women who reside in areas with a restricted iodine intake, relative hypothyroxinemia & goitrogenesis occur frequently.
Overt thyroid dysfunction occurs in 2-3% of pregnancies, but subclinical thyroid dysfunction is probably more prevalent and frequently remains undiagnosed, unless specific screening programs are initiated to disclose thyroid function abnormalities in early gestation. Maternal alterations of thyroid function due to iodine deficiency, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have important implications for fetal outcome.particular attention for the fetuses of women with hypothyroxinemia during early gestation. In patients with hypothyroidism, it is important to recognize that therapeutic requirements for exogenous thyroxine are increased by 50% on average during pregnancy. This should be taken into account in the management of such patients. Main causes of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy include Graves’ disease and gestational non autoimmune transient hyperthyroidism .