الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer is considered by most people to be a life threatening disease for which the prognosis is poor.
Breast cancer ranks first among cancers affecting women throughout the world and its marked impact is not restricted to Western industrialized societies. Tremendous impact of breast cancer stems from many factors. Because it affects a sexually important part of the body in terms of femininity. Also invasive treatment procedures can be stressful, painful and may result in permanent body changes. Breast cancer has been with us since the early Egyptians .It accounts for approximately 38% of reported malignancies among Egyptian women .
It was found that psychological pressure experienced by women in their lives before the diagnosis of breast cancer was of a very strong effect causing the collapse of the immune system and making women more vulnerable to breast cancer. The process and course of adjustment to breast cancer have been studied in relation to five broad factors: 1] characteristics of the disease ,2]characteristics of the patient 3] social relationships and interpersonal resources , 4}cognitive appraisals and attributions (e.g., perceptions of the disease and its causes, sense of control over the course of the disease), and 5}coping methods .
Few studies have been conducted in Egypt to assess the outcomes of social support and hope among women with breast cancer after mastectomy. Religion and spirituality play a very important role in helping many patients maintain hope. Religion or spirituality can provide a belief structure that helps in coping with the crises of recurrence.
The role of faith as a coping strategy for the disease and the mastectomy is also significant The belief in God, the optimism and the positive thinking are strong influences in the development of adaptive responses to the difficult situations generated by the disease .
Psychosocial interventions in cancer Should be part of every patient’s management plan Growing awareness of the many psychosocial problems associated with malignant disease and its treatment.
Among Egyptian the coping strategies assessed in the two recruited Sub groups of female cancer breast Concluded that the most commonly used coping method in the subgroups was the active cognitive method .