الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aims of this study are to: investigate the phytochemical antioxidants of new herbs as Salsola kali (Russian thistle) and its possible antioxidant activity through using its aqueous extract, and the commercial antioxidant silymarin (extracted from Silybum marianum) against chronic cardiac toxicity induced in male albino mice by low-dose of adriamycin. Phytochemical screening, biochemical parameters and histopathological examination were assayed to evaluate the protective effect of Salsola kali extract and silymarin.
The results showed that, in vitro phytochemical screening proved the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acid in measurable amounts in S. kali aqueous extract as well as alkaloids, saponins and terpenes. For in vivo investigation, LD50 was determined as (5.4 g/kg body weight) for S. kali extract and then used to choose the dose administrated to mice. Adriamycin elevated the activities of LDH, CPK, AST, ALT, MDA and NO in the cardiac tissue. Cardiac antioxidant enzymes activities SOD and CAT also increased while GPx activity decreased. Pre-co-treatment with Salsola kali or silymarin prevented the changes induced by adriamycin administration and return biochemical parameters back to normal values in heart tissues and sera.
Also, histopathological examination showed extreme changes in tissues’ sections of heart, liver and kidney; which were normalized on using S. kali as well as silymarin as pre-co-treatment with adriamycin.
These findings demonstrate the cardio-protective effect of S. kali and silymarin on cardiac antioxidant status during adriamycin induced cardiac damage in mice; with noticeable superiority of S. kali to silymarin in normalizing different biochemical and pathological changes. Therefore S. kali could be used as antioxidant against cardiotoxicity and recommended for further investigation as potentially new indication for clinical application.