الفهرس 
TestosteroneOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
During the last two decades, colloidal vehicles (liposomes, niosomes, microemulsions, organogels, and nanocapsules) have been explored and have emerged as prospective systems for drug delivery. These self-organizing systems often lead to improvement in the therapeutic index of the lipophilic drugs through increased solubilisation and modification of their pharmacokinetic profiles. Microemulsions are transparent, isotropic, thermodynamically stable dispersions of oil and water, stabilized by surfactant molecules. Four-component systems of surfactant, cosurfactant (generally a short chain linear alcohol), oil, and water have many important features and are the most studied microemulsion systems. Testosterone is the major circulating male androgen which is also found in females. Its deficiency is usually associated with adverse effects on body composition, bone density, sexual function and mood, and may also increase cardiovascular risk. Its low solubility, short half-life and liability to extensive first-pass metabolism propose a good candidate for transdermal delivery. Moreover, this route offers a more controlled delivery for potent drugs and hormones such as testosterone. Transdermal delivery of testosterone offers advantages over oral and intramuscular application in that both hepatic first-pass metabolism