الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work studies the effect of heroin on carbohydrate metabolism of adult male albino rats.
The present work attempts to shed light on the disturbances induced in tissues of rats due to the effect ~ two regimens of treatment, repeated fixed and increasing herion doses.
The parameters investigated in this work are glucose, lactate, pyruvate and insulin levels in the blood plasma. Furthermore, the study includes the examination of the disorder occurred in some enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism e.g glucose-6-phosphatase in liver and kidney, and lactate dehydrogenase in liver, kidney and brain. The glycogen content was also measured in liver, kidney and brain. The data obtained throughout these experiments could be summarized as follow:
The levels of glucose in blood plasma indicated that, both repeated fixed and increasing heroin doses were able to induce hypoglycemia in treated rats. Thus, the data demonstrated that heroin in low doses induced the anaerobic oxidation phase of glucose with excessive production of pyruvate and then to lactate.
This is clear from the data obtained in the present work, in which the repeated fixed heroin doses initiated
non significant decrease in plasma pyruvate which increased in the second and third days and a highly significant increase in the fourth day, by increasing the doses of heroin a highly significant increase occurred in plasma pyruvate. The
plasma lactate levels showed highly significant increases with both repeated fixed and increasing heroin administration. Al so the lactate : pyruvate ratio showed m increase until the end of the experiments. from the ~ove data we concluded that, the anaerobic oxidation phase was enhanced for the production of energy.
The data obtained after repeated fixed heroin administration indicated that a hypoinsulinemia occurred, while, a non significant decline of insulin content occurred from the second to the fifth days after increasing the doses of heroin, this indicated that after the injection with heroin the values of insulin decreased, but by increasing the doses it was maintained to compensate for the decrease in glucose values.
from the data obtained in the present work, the repeated fixed heroin dose led to marked decline in liver glycogen and significant decrease in kidney glycogen, while, the brain glycogen level decreased which became marked and highly significant in the third day, but on the fourth day animals exhibited a limited decrease which might reflect capacity of brain to recovered its