الفهرس 
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Abstract
Chief Researcher of poultry Diseases, head of (Central laboratory for
veterinary quality control on poultry production).
9 and 4 Samonel/a Typhimurium serovars from wild and
domestic birds were found respectively. with incidence 69.23%and
14.28% respectively. As the importance of Typhimurium strain it
was considered the best candidates for searching. Virulence
factors for Typhimurium were examined phenotyphically and
genotyphicallly. The thirteen Typhimurium were positive for congo
red test with percentage 100%. Ails examined strains were MSHA
with erythrocytes of chickens and ducks, while one isolate of water
fowl was MRHA with Gunia pig RBCs. All strains negative
haemagglutination to sheep and human RBCs. All strains showed
resistance and growth in serum of chickens and ducks. 6 out of13
were enterotoxogenic in baby mice assay, these strains from wild
birds.all starins had cytopathic effect in Vera cells. PCR technique
were used to detect different virulence genes as invA, stn, pefA
and fliC and all strains gave positive to all previous genes. Whole
protein analysis by SOS PAGE were done, different protein bands
were shared in both wild birds and domestic chickens as (104.7,
9~.4, 74.6, 67, 50.2, 36.3 and 34 kOa ) in wild birds, while (104.4,
97.5, 74.1, 50.2, 36.3, 34.9 kOa) in domestic chickens.
Sequencing of two strains from wild and domestic by invA gene
showed 100% identity, while mc of four species of wild and one
from domestic showed different identity percent between each
other but the domestic bird strain showed lowest identity percent
with wild birds strains, and the domestic strain deposited in a
group differ from that group of wild birds.