الفهرس 
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Abstract
PH is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung vasculature, leading to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms, all of which are exacerbated by exertion. Pulmonary hypertension can be a severe disease with a markedly decreased exercise tolerance and heart failure. . According to the most recent classification, it can be one of five different types: arterial, venous, hypoxic, thromboembolic or miscellaneous. CAMs are cell surface proteins involved in the binding of cells, usually leukocytes to each other, endothelial cells or to extracellular matrix.CAMs include selectin, immunoglobulin, integrin, cadherins, type II C-lectin, nerve growth factor receptor,the complement control protein, the scavenger receptor and the tetraspan or transmembrane 4 pass families.The measuerment of endothelial marker offers important information for the clinician treating patients with pulmonary hypertention .Not only does this information assist with the initial diagnosis but it also offers an easy means of monitoring patients who have inactive disease or who are undergoing treatment.A variety of markers have been studied in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. These studies bring further insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. There seems to be enough evidence to support the follow up of patients with PAH .Markers that appear promising but require further confirmation include von Willebrand factor. When available, exhaled nitric oxide should be considered as well. The serum level of sICAM-1 to be elevated and correlated with the severity of many cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and systemic hypertension.Stewart and coworkers, Sakamaki et al, Cella et al and Kato et al, studied the plasma level of endothelial adhesion molecules in many patients with pulmonary hypertention finding increase the plasma level of P-selectin, E-selectin,VCAM-1 and ET-1 while lowering plasma level of integrin and TM.Other markers of endothelial dysfunction is mean lipoprotein levels were significantly higher in PAH patients compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Younger age, higher functional class, more severe congestive heart failure, shorter duration of symptoms, and more cases of hemoptysis were observed in the group with lipoprotein levels > 30 mg/dl. Systemic sclerosis patients with elevated plasmin-alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor complex levels had pulmonary hypertension (PH) at a significantly higher incidence than those with normal levels.Clearly, further investigations are needed for these and other potential markers of endothelial dysfunction, as it is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.