الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Acoustic (Hydroacoustic) position reference systems are used extensively
within the Dynamic Positioning (DP) community. A clear understanding of
the capabilities and limitations of these systems is required by all involved in
the procurement, engineering and operation of DP vessels. The increase in
the number ofDP vessels working in close proximity and the increased
water depths are just two of the factors driving the development of acoustic
positioning systems.
There are existing commercial sources that provide acoustic positioning
systems with varying levels of capability as a Dynamic Positioning (DP)
position reference sensor (PRS). Systems are currently available to provide a
position reference to 12,000 feet of seawater (fsw) or 3,700m with an
absolute accuracy of 3-Sm and a relative accuracy of <2m. Also available
from these and other sources are shorter range, higher resolution acoustic
positioning systems.
This Report discusses how these systems are configured and what
capabilities they have. A definition of conventional systems and frequency
bands is included.
The Report also discusses the Long Baseline (LBL) acoustic positioning
system in particular. A definition of Long Baseline system, method of
operation and considerations required are included.