الفهرس 
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Abstract
Magnesium is the 4th most abundant cation in the body the 2nd most abundant cation in the cell. Its importance in critical care practice has been highlighted in the last two decades due to reports of a high incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit; magnesium deficiency has been reported in 20 to 65 % of patients in the ICU.
Assessing Mg status in the critically ill beyond serum total Mg levels is difficult. No single laboratory test tracks total body Mg stores.
Hypermagnesaemia is a rare electrolyte abnormality because the kidney is very effective in excreting excess magnesium. It most commonly is observed in renal insufficiency and in patients receiving intravenous magnesium for treatment of a medical condition.
Magnesium is the agent of choice for the prevention and treatment of eclamptic convulsions; also it has a tocolytic effect. It has been studied in management of arrhythmias, bronchial asthma, phaeochromocytoma, anticonvulsant, perioperative analgesia, and for neuroprotection and in sepsis.