الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Although all imaging modalities play an important role in imaging the urinary tract, CT urography represents the most comprehensive imaging examination of the urinary tract. It has replaced conventional IV urography in some academic centers. Hematuria is defined as the presence of blood in urine. It has a wide range of causes, including calculi, neoplasms, infections, trauma, drug toxicity, coagulopathy, and varices. Evaluation of patients with hematuria frequently requires several imaging modalities including intravenous urography (IVU), ultrasonography(US), computed tomography ( CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), retrograde ureterography and pyelography, cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. Multi-slice CT urography performed with a combination of unenhanced, nephrographic-phase, and excretory-phase imaging can demonstrate a wide spectrum of disease in these patients with a single study. Unenhanced imaging provides optimal detection of calculi which is a common cause of hematuria. In addition, the combination of unenhanced and nephrographic-phase imaging provides outstanding evaluation of renal masses. Findings at excretory ¬phase imaging mimic IVU findings and allow excellent evaluation of the collecting systems and ureters. Bladder disease, a common cause of hematuria, is often well seen on unenhanced or excretory-phase images, although cystoscopy may still be necessary.
In case of traumatic hematuria either renal ,ureteric or bladder injury CT urography in series of phases played the most important, significant and relatively fastest method of investigation for assessment of the urinary tract injury ,classify the degree of injury ,detect associated bone and soft tissue injuries and finally allows the surgeon to deal with the case and takes the best decision.
In the clinical practice many cases of renal injury may be missed by using other methods of investigations other than CT urography .
Multi-slice CT urography (MSCTU) offers several advantages for imaging of the urinary system: single breath-hold coverage of the entire urinary tract with absence of respiratory mis-registration, rapid imaging with optimum contrast medium opacification and reduced partial- volume effect as appropriate slices can be selected from the volumetric data. In addition, acquisition of multiple thin overlapping slices provides excellent two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) reformations, and facilitates virtual cystoscopy.