الفهرس 
A diverse disease with variable clinical outcomeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Leukemia usually acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common infant malignancy (30%), followed by the central nervous system cancer and neuroblastoma.
On the other hand, BCL-2 was first identified as oncogen by its ability to inhibit lymphocyte cell death leading to development of B-cell lymphoma. BCL-2 gene is located at chromosome 18 q21.
So the present study is designed to find out the genetic markers that may be used for early clinical diagnosis and assessment persons at risk of leukemia.
The mean of WBCs, RBCs, Plt, and Hb were 60.17, 2.89, 98.6, 7.91, respectively.
This study was carried out on 100 Egyptian patient having acute lymphoblastic leukemia, they were subjecting to family history taking pedigree analysis, complete clinical examination. Cytogenetic studies were done for 53 cases and flowcytometry study for bcl-2 protein analysis.
Our results revealed that, levels of bcl-2 in ALL patients don’t appear to correlate with clinical responses to treatment or markers of prognosis (bcl-2 protein plays a pivotal role in resistance to components of the standard induction chemotherapy regimens).
Bcl-2 didn’t appear to correlate with age.
Bcl-2 was significantly correlated with chromosomal abnormalities (P value < 0.001).
Concerning cytogenetics study, the structural chromosomal aberration in leukemia patients were 56.7%, while numerical chromosomal aberration were 21.88% of the examined metaphases.
It is important to mention that, through G/T banding technique in leukemia patient revealed that, the most frequent chromosomal aberration were recorded within chromosome no 22 (11.3%) and the second was found within chromosome 13 and 16 (5.66%), then Ph chromosome, chromosome no. 22 exist in (3.77%), but the lowest percentage was (1.88%) within chromosome no 21 (Ds), t(5q; 15q), t(3q; 16p), t(12p; 21q) were also observed.
Finally, leukemia is inherited disease. It’s suggested that flowcytometry for qualification of bcl-2 protein expression and G/T banding technique may be considered as a biomarker for diagnosis of leukemia and identifying children at risk of leukemia at earlier time.