الفهرس 
Anatomy of the portal venous systemOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The human upper gastrointestinal tract is often infected with Helicobacter
pylori (H. pylori). This urea splitting bacterium is now considered to be a
causal agent in some diseases, including antral gastritis and frank
duodenal ulceration, in addition to an association with gastric carcinoma
and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.The
discovery of these Helicobacter species, has raised the possibility of a
relationship between Helicobacter infection and portal hypertensive
gastropathy.
Portal hypertensive gastropathy refers to changes in the mucosa of the
stomach in patients with portal hypertension; by far the most common
cause of this is cirrhosis of the liver. These changes in the mucosa include
friability of the mucosa and the presence of ectatic blood vessels at the
surface. Patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy may experience
bleeding from the stomach, which may uncommonly manifest itself in
vomiting blood or melena; however, portal hypertension may cause
several other more common sources of upper gastrointestinal bleeding,
such as esophageal varices and gastric varices. On endoscopy evaluation
of the stomach, this condition shows a characteristic mosaic or ”snakeskin”
appearance to the mucosa of the stomach
It has been suggested that h. pylori infection increases the effect of portal
hypertension on the stomach and worsen the portal hypertensive
gastropathy state.