الفهرس 
Anatomy of vertebraeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
General anesthesia is associated with relatively greater risk than regional anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia therefore become more widely practiced anesthetic technique in lower limbs and abdominal surgery. (l) It is simple institute, rapid in its effect and produces excellent operating condition. It also requires minimum postoperative anesthesia care and provides adequate postoperative analgesia.Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a well known iatrogenic complication of spinal anesthesia. It is believed to result from leakage of CSF both at the time of dural puncture and, probably more importantly, continuing leak afterwards.Different factors reported to influence the incidence of PDPH are: age, sex, needle size, pregnancy, needle tip shape, bevel orientation to the dural fibers , number puncture attempts , midline versus Para median puncture approach , type of local anesthetic solution , and clinical experience of the operator.