الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Physics of electricityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
The passage of electrical current through the biological bodies causes skin lesions, organ damage and death. The resultant injury is commonly called electrocution.
One of the biggest challenges faced by forensic pathologists is death due to electrocution. Diagnosis of electrocution is not an easy issue and makes a great challenge for forensic pathologists especially with lack of history of exposure to electric forces. The injuries may not be easily detectable by visual inspection or physical examination. Understanding the significant changes in the tissues due to the action of electric forces can assist the diagnosis.
Concerning the lack of literature reporting the timing of electrical wound, the present study has been designed to investigate the simultaneous time dependent changes in electrical responses of different parameters and the electrical wound of animal body during the first 60 days after the exposure to the ordinary electrical current in Egypt (220V).
The present study was carried out on 155 albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups. The first and second groups were equal groups (70 rats each) which concerning the application of the ordinary electrical current at shoulder and thigh regions respectively for 30 seconds. The third group was about 15 rats divided into three subgroups for determination of postmortem changes that follows the application of electrical shock at different two body sites (shoulder and thigh regions).
The samples (blood, urine, skin injuries, skeletal muscles and different body organs) were collected immediately and after 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th week post-electrical exposure from five male albino rats from each group.
Blood samples were collected for estimation of whole blood picture, butyrylcholineesterase, trace elements, electrolytes, calcium ions and with urine samples for estimation of kidney function test. Skin injuries were submitted for gross and histopathological examination.
The results of iron and copper values were showed significant decrease from the beginning of the study till the 7 week in both shoulder and thigh groups, and the iron results showed more significant difference than copper and not return to the normal levels allover the study time.
The results of sodium and potassium values were showed significance differences and the sodium results showed more significant differences than potassium and not return to the normal levels until the end of the study in contrast with potassium results.
Ca and Ca ions showed significant decrease till the end of the study return to the normal values. The results of myoglobin and creatinine showed no change in their values.
The study revealed that CK results showed significant increase till the 1st week of the study at which CK return to normal average levels.
The results of urea levels showed significant increase at the first half periods of the study. So no vital change was observed in any of indicators of kidney function test.
The activities of butrylcholinestrase showed significant differences in both shoulder and thigh samples and return to the normal activity at the end of the study.
The pathological changes were recorded at o time, 1 day and 1 month after electrical exposure and summarized in metallization and keratin cyst observed in the skin, zenkers necrosis of the muscle and endothelial cell lining blood vessels had corkscrew-like appearance. Hemosiderosis observed in the skin and spleen. The edema associated with the organ and skin. Lastly hyperemia, thrombosis and hemorrhage observed on the organs are common changes associated with electricity.
In case of death by low voltage current a temperature based estimation of the time since death can be relied on. Further more, the experiments showed that the application of electricity till death may cause rise in body temperature different according to the localities of application of the current that cause differ in the time of current application was taken to cause death.
The recorded results of postmortem body cooling were statistically expressed in equations, which is easily to be used for estimation of time after death. The recorded results of rigor mortis revealed that the rapidest onset and duration was recorded in the second group that died after application of electrical currents at the thigh region, then recorded in the first group which died after application of electric