الفهرس 
Anatomy and Nerve Supply of the Knee JointOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 112 |  |  |
| | | from | 112 | | |
Abstract
The knee joint is the largest joint in the body. It is primarily a hinge type of synovial joint, allowing flexion and extension in addition to gliding and rotation movement around a vertical axis. Although the knee joint is well constructed, its function is commonly impaired when it is hyperextended in various sports.
Nowadays several knee impairments are corrected using the arthroscope. The optimal anesthetic technique in knee arthroscopic surgeries would provide excellent operating conditions, rapid recovery, no postoperative side effects, high degree of patient satisfaction and early home discharge. In addition, it should improve the quality of care and decrease the costs of anesthetic services.
General anesthesia, regional anesthesia and local anesthesia are all commonly used for arthroscopic knee surgeries; however, opinions differ as to the best anesthetic technique for these surgical procedures.
Despite a higher incidence of side effects than regional or local anesthesia, general anesthesia remains the most widely used anesthetic technique in knee arthroscopic surgeries. In comparison to other anesthetic techniques general anesthesia has some advantages as a less time to the first urination compared to the neuroaxial block and a lower cost for the anesthesia controlled time compared to the peripheral block.
Regional anesthesia includes neuroaxial blocks, peripheral nerve blocks and local infiltration. Neuroaxial blocks include spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia is probably the simplest and most reliable regional anesthetic technique, however the incidence of post dural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia led to the popularity of epidural anesthesia.
Peripheral nerve blocks include femoral nerve block, sciatic nerve block, lumbar plexus block, obturator nerve block, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block and inguinal femoral paravscular block.
Local infiltration anesthesia for arthroscopic knee surgery which includes intra-articular and extra-articular techniques is, at the moment a habitual, easy and reliable procedure. It appears to be a valid alternative for ambulatory patients over general anesthesia or regional central anesthesia.
Although knee arthroscopic surgeries are performed a lot nowadays with various anesthetic techniques, the anesthesiologists are still facing different postoperative problems of which postoperative pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting are the most common and are the problems which need the most care for the convenience of the patients postoperatively.