الفهرس 
Body Temperature and Heat TransferOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Extended exposure to hot ambient temperatures with
high humidity increases core body temperature
considerably. This occurs when the body produces more
heat than it can dissipate. This occurs most often in
conjunction with dehydration. The severity of heat illness
depends on the intensity and duration of internal heat
production or external heat exposure. Heat cramps are may
occur during heat illness. They are painful contractions of
muscles that are thought to be caused by dehydration,
which creates an imbalance between fluids and electrolytes.
Thermoregulatory responses are still intact at this stage.
Replacing fluid, which restores the fluid and electrolyte
balance, is sufficient to treat or prevent this common
syndrome (Armstrong et al, 1996).
Signs of dehydration (tachycardia, hypotension,
weakness, dizziness, and nausea) occur as a more severe
form of heat illness, heat fatigue, develops. This is followed
by mental confusion and a measurable increase in body
temperature. Sweating continues at this stage. Eventually,
the body loses its ability to sweat because of profound
dehydration and body temperature can register more than
41°C. Disorientation, loss of coordination, hot, dry skin,
and coma occur. Other clinical manifestations diagnosed in
Body Temperature Changes under Anesthesia Hyperthermia: Effects & Management
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the hospital may be severe rhabdomyolysis, acute tubular
necrosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. These
symptoms are mainly seen in younger patients. At this
point, immediate cooling is required. Severe cases require
treatment with rapid intravenous infusion of 2 to 3 L of icecold
saline. This treatment simultaneously replenishes
intravascular volume and rapidly cools the core thermal
compartment (Rainer et al, 2008).