الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was carried out during two consecutive seasons of
(1993 / 1994) and 1994 / 1995) on 12 years old Thompson Seedless
grapevines, growing in a clay loamy soil in a private vineyard at Samannud
region Gharbia Governorat, Egypt to study the effect of some growth
regulators i.e. Dormex (H2CN2), GA3 and NAA and nutrient elements i.e
Zn S04, KN03 and urea,on growth and fruiting of Seedless grapevines.
The study was dealing with spraying the dormant one year old wood
only canes after pruning with the following growth regulators and nutrient
solutions.
1- Control (vines were sprayed with water).
2- Dormex (H2CN2) at 1.250/0. 3- Donnex (H2CN2) at 2.50/0 .
4- Donnex· (H2CN2) at 5% . 5- GA3 at 50 ppm.
6- GA3 at 1000 ppm. 7- NAA at 25 ppm.
8- NAA at 250 ppm. 9- KN03 at 5%.
10- Zn S04 at 25% . 11- Urea at 10 %.
The above treatments were sprayed once at the following dates.
On 15ID Dec., Jan., lill at 15!!!. and Feb. 19.
The experiment was designed according to the randomized
completely block design to study the following
I-The effect of these treatments on the phonological phases of the
grapevines i.e. Time of the begining of budburst, begining of blooming
end of blooming, begining of ripening stage (Veraison) and date of
harvesting date.
2-The buds free ammo acids, total soluble and non-soluble sugars.
contents.
3-Bud behaviour (budburst percentage, fruitful shoots % and number of
clusters per vine).
4- Yield per vine.
5- Physical properties of clusters and berries.
6- Fruit quality (T.S.S. sugar and total acidity).
The obtained results could be summarized as follows :-
t _ The effect of spraying some growth regulators and nutrient elements on
the phynological phases.
1- Budburst
a- Spraying grapevines at dormant season with Donnex (H2CN2) caused
an earling of budburst from 66 to 7 days depending upon the
oncentration and date of spraying, the early application and high
concentration(2.5 and 50/0)were more effective in this respect.
b- Spraying KN03 at 5% and urea at 10 % enhanced budburst with a few
days.
c- Spraying GA3, NAA and Zn S04 delayed budburst than the control.
d- GA3 application at 50 and 1000 ppm and NAA at 250 ppm gave the
latest budburst, since these treatments delayed the budburst by about
10 to 14 days than the control.
e- The more effective treatments on delaying budburst were GA3 on
January 1g and NAA on February 1g at high concentration.
2- Time of Blooming:
a- Donnex (H2CN2) at 15 !h Dec. caused an earliness ill time of begining of
blooming by 40 to 50 and 32 to 39 days, in the first and second season
respectively. While in the later application Feb 1st was from 10 to 21
and from 16-21 days in the first and second seasons respectively.
b- Application of urea at 10 % advanced blooming date from 5 to 13 and
10 to 18 days than the control in the first and second seasons
respectively.
c- Conversely GA3 application and Zn S04 at two early dates and NAA at
the two later dates delayed time of blooming in comparison with the
control.
3- Time of Harvesting:
a- Donnex (H2CN2) was more effective agents in earliness in harvesting
date of Thompson Seedless grape the number of earlines in days
ranged from 20 to 30 days in two seasons of study in comparison with
the control.
b-Urea application at 10 % at 15 Jan. and Feb. 1g advanced harvesting
date by about 10 to 15 days than the control in the two seasons of study.
c- Also spraying grapevines with KN03 at 50/0 on Jan 1st,15 Jan and Feb.
1it advanced harvesting date by about 10-20 days.
d- On the other hand GA3 application at 50 and 1000 ppm and NAA at 25
and 250 ppm delayed harvesting time by about 5 to 10 days.
11-Chemical Composition of Buds at Dormancy.
1- Total free amino acids.
Total free amino acids buds content were significantly affected with
utrient elements and the date of spraying.
The highest values in this respect resulated from spraying Donnex
(H2CN2) at 5,2.5 and 1.25 0/0. Also applying KN03 at 5%, Zn 504 at 25
0/0 and urea at 10 % significantly increased total free amino acids buds.
content than the control but less than Donnex (H2CN2).
The lowest values resulted from spraying GA3 at 50, 1000 ppm and
NAA at 25, 250 ppm in both seasons of study. Also applying these agents
on 15 Jan. and Feb. 1~ were more effective in this respect.
2- Total soluble sugars,
Applying Donnex (H2CN2) at 1.25, 2.5 and 5% KN03 at 5 % .and
urea at 10 % in the first season significantly increased total soluble buds
content at dormancy in comparison with the control. Also using above
agents except urea at 10 % significantly increased total soluble sugrs of
buds content than the contro1. On the other hand applying GA3 at 50, 1000
ppm and NAA at 25, 250 ppm and Zn 804 at 25% and urea at 10 % gave
the lowest values in this respect.
Using Dormex (H1CNz) at 50/0on February 1§! gave the highest values
111 this respect, while using GA3 at 1000 ppm on 15 Dec. gave the lowest
values in the two seasons of study.
3- Total non-soluble sugers .
Spraying Thompson seedless grapevines at dormant season with GA3
at 50, 100 ppm and NAA at 250 ppm and Zn S04 at 250/0 significantly
increased total non-soluble sugars content of buds in comparison with the
control and other agents used in this respect during the two seasons of
study, NAA at 25 and 250 ppm gave the highest values in this respect. On
the other hand using Dormex (H2CN2) at 5% gave the lowest values in two
seasons of study. Also applying NAA at 25,520 ppm on 15 Dec gave the
highest values in this respect in both seasons of study, while spraying urea
at 10% on Feb. 1st in the first season and H2CNz at 5% on Feb. 1§! gave
the lowest values in this respect.
Spraying above agents at 15 December gave the highest values from
total non-soluble buds contents then declined to the lowest values at
February 1~ during the two seasons of study.
III : Bud Behaviour
1- Budburst percentage:
Generally the obtained results revealed that early Donnex (hydrogen
cyanamide) application i.e. at 15 Dec. and Jan. 1Mincreased budburst
percentage, over the control in the two seasons of study. Also spraying
with GA3 at 1000 ppm on 15 Dec., Zn S04 at 15 Dec. and Jan. II! and
urea at Feb. 1M. increased budburst over the control, in the two seasons of
study.
2- Fruitful shoots Percentage per Vine:
Application of Donnex (hydrogen cyanamide) at 2.5 and 5 % had
significantlv the greatest percentage of fruit fun shoots in both seasons of
study.
While spraying with GA3 at 50 and 1000 ppm took the other way
around. The highest values was obtained, when Donnex (hydrogen
cyanamide) at 2.5 and 5%, NAA at 25 ppm and Zn S04 at 25% were
sprayed on Feb. 1~ . Moreover spraying NAA at 250 ppm on 15 Dec.,
KNO., at 5°lclon 15 Dec. and 15 Jan. and urea on 15 Jan. also significantly
increased percentage of fruitful] shoots over the control in the first season.In the second season spraying hydrogen cyanamide at all used
concentrations on early date 15 Dec. increased fruitfull shoots precent than
the control.
While the best treatments in this respect were spraying Dormex
(H2CN2) at 2.5 and 5;0/0 on Feb. 1§t and KN03 on 15 JAN. On the other
hand all other treatments decreased the percent of fruitfull shoots in the
second season.
3- Number of Clusters per Vine.
Spraying dormex (hydrogen cyanamide) at 2.5 and 5 % and Zn S04
at 25 % significantly increased number of flower clusters per vine in the
first and second seasons srespectively. Conversly all other agents used
take the other way around.
In additioon the later spraying dates i-e. 15 Jan. and Feb. 1Minduced
the highest number of flower clusters per vine regardles of agents used in
the two seasons of study.
IV. Yield per Vine:
a- Spraying Zn 804 at 25 % on all dates of spraying gave the highest
yield
b- Spraying with Donnex (H2CN2) at 2.5 and 5 010 concentrations on two
later dates i-e 15 January and February 1~, also produced significantly
higher yield, on the other hand lower concentration 1.25 °10 of Donnex
(hydrogen cyanamide,) on early spraying dates 15 Dec. and Jan. 1~
significantly decreased the yield than the control especially in the
second season.
c- Application of GA3 at 50 and 1000 ppm on the two later dates 15 Jan.
and Feb 1~ significantly increased the yield.
d- Application of urea at 10 % ppm on 15 Jan. and Feb. pi significantly
increased the yield over the control, but some what less than the above
treatments.
e- Application of NAA and KN03 111 the second season decreased the
yield than the control.
V. Physical Properties of Clusters and Berries : 1- Gluster Weieht:
In general all used treatments except application of Donnex
(hydrogen cyanamide) at 1.25 % significantly increased cluster weight
than the control, in the two seasons of study. Moreover the heaviest
clusters were obtained by spraying GA3 at 1000 and 50 ppm and Zn 504 at
25 % conversely spraying H2CN2 at 1.25 0/0 on Dec. and Jan pi
significantly decreased cluster weight.
2· Berry Weight:
Application of Donne x (H2CN2), GA3 and Zn S04 at dormant season
significantly increased berry weight than the control during the two
seasons of study. Moreover application of Donnex (H2CN2) at 1.25,2.5
and 50/0 concentrations gave the highest berry weight. On the other hand
NAA spraying significantly reduced weight of berries than the control.
3- Cluster Stem Percentage:
All treatments used significantly increased cluster stem percentage in
comparison with the control during the two seasons of study. Moreover
GA~ at 50 and 1000 ppm, urea at 10 % and Zn S04 at 2.5 % were the
most effective in this respect.
4- Cluster Length:
All used treatments except Donnex (H2CN2) significantly increased
cluster length than the control during the two seasons of study.
Furthermore GA3 at 50 and 1000 ppm and Zn S04 at 25 o/D gave the
highest significant effect in this respect. On the other hand Dormex
(hydrogen cyanamide) application decreased cluster length than the
control.
5- Cluster Width:
All used agens except Donnex (hydrogen cyanamide )significantly
decreased cluster width than the control during the two seasons of study.
Moreover spraying Thompson Seedless grapevines with NAA at 25
and 250 ppm at all spraying dates gave the lowest values in this respect,
during the two seasons of study.
6- Berry Length :
Spraying Thompson Seedless grapevines at donn ant season with
Donnex (H2CN2) at 2.5 and 5 %, GA3 at 50 and 1000 ppm and Zn S04 at
250/0, significantly increased berry length than the control and other
treatments in the two seasons of study.
7- Berry Width:
All used treatments excep Donnex (hydrogen cyanamide) at 2.5 and
50/0 concentrations, significantly decreased berry with than the control.
the other hand application of Donnex (hydrogen cyanamide), at 2.5 and 5
0/0 significantly increased berry width than the control during the two
seasons of study.
8- Berry Length I Width (Shape index) :
All used treatments significantly increased berry length / width
(Shape index) than the control during the two seasons of study.
Furthermore GA3 application at 50 and 1000 ppm, Zn S04 at 25 %
and KN03 at 5 % had the highest values in this respect
9· Juice Percentage:
The application of GA3 at 1000 ppm was the only treatment that
significantly decreased the juice percentage in comparison with the control
and other treatments, during the two seasons of study while application of
KN01 at 5 % gave the highest values in this respect, in the two seasons of
study.
10· Peel Percentage:
The application of GA3 at low and hight (50 and 1000 ppm)
concentrations gave the highest peel percentage during the two seasons of
study. On the other hand application of KN03 at 5 % significantly
decreased peel percentage than the control, during the two seasons of
study.
Berry Carnical Characteristics:
lo ToSoSo Percentage at harvesting date Spraying Thompson Seedless grapevines with .Donnex (H2CN2) at
1.25, 2.5 and 5 0/0, KN03 at 5% and urea at 10% at all spraying dates gave
the highest T.S.S. percentage in comparison with the control and other
used agents during the two seasons of study. On the other hand application
of GA3 at 50 and 1000 ppm, NAA at 25 and 250 ppm and Zn S04 at 25%
at all spraying dates gave the lowest values in this respect.
2- Total Acidity% :
Spraying grapevines at dormant season with Donnex (H2CN2) at
1.25, 2.5 and 5 % and KN03 at 5% decreased significantly acidity
percentage of berries juice than the control during the two seasons of
study. On the contrary the application of GA3 at 50 and) 000 ppm and
NAA at 25 and 250 ppm at dormant season significantly increased the
total acidity in berry juice than the control, during the two seasons of
study.3- T.S.S / Acid Ratio :
The application of Donnex (H2CN2), KN03 and urea induced the
highest values of T.S.S. / acid ratio. While application of GA3, NAA and
Zn S04 had the lowest values in this respect, the differences between each
of these treatments and the control were statistically significant.
Form the results obtained in our investigation it can be concluded
spraying Thompson Seedless grapevines with Donnex (H2CN2) at 1.25,2.5
and 5.00/0, KN03 at 5.00/0 and Urea at 10 % induced earlier budburst,
blooming and ripening. On the other hand, applying GA3 at 50, 1000 ppm,
NAA at 25, 250 ppm and Zn S04 at 25 % delayed budburst, blooming and
ripening. Donnex (H2CN2) was more effective in inducing earlier
harvesting date. Also applying KN03 at 5 % and Urea at 10.0% advanced
harvesting date but less than Donnex (H2CN2) alone. The study showed
that applying Donnex (H2CN2), KN03 , Zn 804, Urea and GA3 improved
berry quality and yield. Under similar conditions of this research
application of Dormex (H2CN2) at 2.5 % it can be recommended at mid of
Jan. and Feb l~, KN03 at 5.0 % and Urea at 10.0 % on one-year old
wood during dormancy can be recommended to induce early ripening of
Thompson Seedless grapevines. from obtaining highter yield spraying
GA3 at 50 ppm, Zn S04 at 25 % and NAA at 25, 250 ppm at dormant
season can also be recommended.