الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: The most important vertebrate brain components:
• The medulla, involved in sensory and motor functions.
• The pons control sleep, respiration, swallowing and posture.
• The cerebellum modulates the outputs of other brain systems to make them precise.
• The hypothalamus regulates sleep and wake cycles, eating and drinking, hormone release, and many other critical biological functions.
• The thalamus is another collection of nuclei with diverse functions. Some are involved in relaying information to and from the cerebral hemispheres.
• The pallium is a layer of gray matter that lies on the surface of the forebrain. In reptiles and mammals, it is called the cerebral cortex. Multiple functions involve the pallium, including olfaction and spatial memory. In mammals, where it becomes so large as to dominate the brain, it takes over functions from many other brain areas. In many mammals, the cerebral cortex consists of folded bulges called gyri that create deep furrows or fissures called sulci (Puelles, 2001).
Aim of the work: A comparative study of brain may be an interesting subject. It could throw a light on evolution of the brain from the lower to the higher creatures.
Conclusion: Evolution of the nervous system is very important as a good evidence of the great advantage provided from Allah for human being.