الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem.The prevalence of end-stage renal disease is increasing . The rising prevalence of treated ESRD can be attributed to the increase in the number of patients who start renal replacement therapy each year. Under-recognition of earlier stages of CKD and of risk factors for CKD, may partially explain the rising prevalence of treated ESRD.
Proteinuria is an important biomarker strongly associated with CKD and is an indicator of underlying glomerular disease or renal tubular dysfunction. The National Kidney Foundation has recommended the evaluation of individuals for CKD by either blood testing to estimate GFR or by urinary screening for the detection of proteinuria. Proteinuria is Not only a marker of kidney damage, but it is also responsible for progressive kidney injuryasProteinuria alone may contribute to disease progression.
Proposed mechanisms include mesangial toxicity, tubular overload and hyperplasia, toxicity from specific filtered compounds such as transferrin/iron and albumin-bound fatty acids,and induction of proinflammatory molecules.
Increasing evidence accumulated in the past decades indicates that therapeutic interventions implemented early in the course of CKD are effective in slowing or preventing the progression toward ESRD and its associated complications.