الفهرس 
Surgical anatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
be effectively repaired. High-pressure leaks can not be sealed without reduction of ICP. The primary pathology must be treated first, either by resection of the space-occupying lesion or by reduction of CSF volume and flow in hydrocephalus.
Several types of recalcitrant fistulae have been successfully treated with lumboperitoneal shunts (Bret et al, 1985).
CSF shunting can be attempted in normal- pressure leaks when other means of repair have failed (Bakay and Glasauer, 1980).
A shunt is a tube between the ventricles and another part of the body to divert the excess CSF to another site where it can then be reabsorbed back into the blood stream. Shunts have valves that regulate both the direction and amount of CSF that is drained. All shunts have three essential parts – a ventricular catheter that is inserted into the ventricles of the brain, a valve of some sort (there are many different types), and tubing that carries the CSF from the valve to the area of the body that will accept the excess CSF. The most common types of shunts are ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunts which drain the CSF from the ventricle to the abdominal cavity. Less commonly, ventriculo-atrial
shunts (VA shunts, which direct the CSF into a vein, usually in the neck or under the collarbone), ventriculo-pleural shunts (which direct the CSF to the chest cavity around the lungs) or the ventriculo-gall bladder
Shunt (which directs the CSF to the gall bladder) is used (Shurtleff DB et al, 2000).