الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of our study is to compare the effect of addition of tramadol and magnesium sulfate as adjuvant to local anesthetics lidocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.5% in sciatic nerve block classic posterior approach.
Forty five male, female patients undergoing lower extremities orthopedic surgeries, their age ranging from 17-75. ASA physicalstatus I or II, were included in this study.
Exclusion criteria were patientrefusal, pregnancy, neurologic or neuromuscular disease,diabetic patients, coagulation disorders, taking blood-thinning drugs (such as heparin or warfarin) and skin infection at thesite of needle insertion.
Patients in our study deviled into three groups:
Control group (C):this group includes15 patients did sciatic nerve block classic posterior approach with injection of local anesthetics only without addition of adjuvant. Local anesthetics used were combination of lidocaine and bupivacaine. In this group we used 20 ml local anesthetics in sciatic nerve block made of 10 ml bupivacaine o.5% and 8 ml lidocaine 2%and 2 ml saline to be injected in single injection to the sciatic nerve block classic posterior approach for lower extremities surgeries.
Magnesium group (M) : this group include 15 patients did sciatic nerve block classic posterior approach withinjection of local anesthetic with magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to local anesthetics. In this group we injected 20 ml made of 10 ml bupivicaine 0.5%, 8 ml lidocaine 2% and 2 ml of 150 mg magnesium sulfate made in saline.
Tramadol group (T):this group include15 patients did sciatic nerve block classic posterior approach withinjection of local anestheticwithtramadol as an adjuvantto local anesthetics. In this group we inject 20 ml made of 10 ml bupivicaine 0.5% , 8 ml lidocaine 2% and 2 ml of 100mg Tramadol.
Results
Demographic data when compared between groups showing non significant difference as there was no significant difference in age, weight, sexand ASA between the three studied groups. There was no significant difference between three groups when compare duration of operation.
When compare heart rate,mean arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation in the three groups there was insignificant difference in preoperative and intraoperative data in the same group or in between three groups.
Our results demonstrated that onset of sensory and motor block was rapid in the (M) group than (C) and (T) groups and was delayed in group (T) when compared with group (C) and (M).
Much more time was needed for group(T) until sensory and motor block faded away followed by group (M) then group (C) was first to get rid of sensory and motor block.
There was no significant difference between three groups when compare time of first intraoperative analgesic request, number of patients and total dose of analgesia.