الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The incidence of urolithiasis in children is rising, especially in the last decade, due to the geographical location, socio-economic conditions, dietary habits and because the developing countries became more westernized urolithiasis rate increased in them. Children with urolithiasis should be evaluated rapidly to prevent their destructive effects on the kidney. Most calculi arise in the kidney when urine becomes supersaturated with salt which is capable of forming solid crystals. This is determined by continuous interaction between urine factors that can promote and others that can inhibit crysallization or spontaneous precipitation can occur. Stones are classified based on their chemical components into; calcium with phosphate or oxalate, purine derivatives, cystine and combinations of the preceding items then rare types include xanthines stones, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, drug stones as indinavir, ammonium urate stones and infection stones. Stone formation may be idiopathic or secondary to predisposing factors which may exacerbate its formation. These factors include; metabolic (hypercalcuria , hyperuricosuria , cystinuria, hyperoxaluria , hypocitraturia and xanthinuria), environmental (low fluid intake, high lithogenic diet intake, low or high socioeconomics state and hot climate), lithogenic drugs, developmental and inherited abnormalities. Family and past history of having stone also may play an important role in stone formation. Patient with urolithiasis may be asymptomatic. symptoms will differ accoding to the age. The most common presentation are hematuria and/or pain , dysuria, urgency, oliguria, frequency and non specific symptoms. The urolithiasis diagnosis is often made on the basis of clinical symptoms, detailed history, clinical examination, metabolic workup, diagnostic imaging and stone analysis. A retrospective study was performed on the records of 66 Egyptian childrens with urolithiasis who attended nephrology clinic at AUCH from (2001-2010). The study evaluated age, gender, family history, clinical symptoms, location of stones, laboratory findings, stone |