الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study was conducted to estimate the time spent between client first contact with the emergency department(ED) and the initiation of care, to assess waiting time appropriateness compared to literature standards and identifying reasons for the findingsTo achieve the aim available sample consisted of 2429 emergency patients who visit the ED at El - Manial Cairo University Hospital during six months was observed by the investigatorData for the present study was collected using observational checklistIt consisted of two parts ; the first part was used to estimate the waiting time from the arrival of the patient until the initiation of care by health care providers , the second part is a log sheet , which was used to describe contributory factors for waiting timeThe study results revealed that , male patients were more than female patients in all emergency clinics except in the medicine clinic were the oppositeRegarding to clinic utilization , the orthopedic clinic was the first one for patients’attendance , followed by the medicine clinic then the surgery clinic and the least one was the ear , nose , throat (ENT) clinicConcerning age , those were lessthan 30 years old constituted the majority of patients attended to the EDThe highest mean score of the waiting time before examination was in the medicine clinic , while the highest mean score of the waiting time for further investigation was in the surgery clinicThe findings of this study revealed that , the waiting time before examination ranged between 21 to103 minutesCompared with other international studies , it might be reasonable timeThe findings of the study revealed that , the crowdingat x - ray room was the main reason for patient’s waiting timeThe current study recommended that , using of triage system can reduce patient waiting time , decreases the severity of overcrowding and improve out comesIn addition ,the ED should be more equipped and staffed with qualified persons to handle all types of emergenciesMoreover , nursing staff should have significance role in the ED and be more educated.