الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ESWL is still the most frequently preferred alternative technique to treat urinary tract stones; as it is minimally invasive technique. The efficacy of lithotripsy is dependent on the interval between the shock waves, the success rate of lithotripsy decrease by decreasing the time between shock waves. Thus, the efficacy of lithotripsy is reversely proportional to the frequency of shock waves used. In our study using a low frequency of shock waves decreases the number of sessions required for stone disintegration in addition to analgesics and sedatives requirement. However, the reduction in frequency will result in prolongation of the session duration. In our study some degree of transient renal damage had occurred as a result of stone disintegration by ESWL in the fust week in the form of a varying degree of intra and peri-renal edema and hemorrhage as well as some def,Yfee of renal impairment. Also, intra renal blood flow decreased within the first 24 hours after ESWL which evidenced by inccresed renal vascular resistive index. ESWL, not only produce renal damage but also has extra renal damaging effects to other organs such as liver (transient rise in the liver enzymes as well as bilirubin), pancreas (rise in the blood glucose level in the first 24 hours following ESWL) and cardiovascular system (decrease pulse rate in the first 24 hours after.