الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the last decade, four main projects have been carried out in egypt for conducting geodetic control networks using global positioning systems GPS. These projects were implemented indifferent ares of the country : the sinai peninsula surveyed by through the finnish project, the aswan area surveyed through the german project, and lastly the delta, fayoum, and the nile vally up to wadi halfa on the egyptian sudanese border.A detailed study is given in this thesis of the techniques employed in these projects, especially the sinai project carried out through SRI under the supervision of the auther.The major factors affecting the accuracy of relative positioning determinations are outline in detail.A full account of the least-squared adjustment techniques is given, together with the statistical methods employed in the analysis of the data obtained.Conclusion and recommendation for future work are given, which in the author`s point of view may help in improving the horizontal and vertical control in egypt.