الفهرس 
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Abstract
Chalcogenide glasses are a recognized group of inorganic glassy materials which always contain one or more of the chalcogenide elements S, Se or Te but not 0, in conjunction with more electro positive elements as As, Sb, etc.
Chalcogenide glasses are generally less robust, more weakly bonded materials than oxide glasses. Glasses were prepared from Sn, Se, Bi and In elements with purity 99.999 %. These glasses are reactive at high temperature with oxygen. Therefore, synthesis was accomplished in ~vacuated clean silica tubes. The tubes were washed by iistilled water, and then dried in a furnace whose emperature was about 100°C.
The weighted materials were introduced into the :leaned silica tubes and then evacuated to about 10-4 torr nd sealed. The sealed tubes were placed inside the furnace nd the temperature of the furnace was raised gradually up ) 900°C within 1 hour and kept constant for 10 hours. 1oreover, shaking of the constituent materials inside the Ibe in the furnace was necessary for realizing the