الفهرس 
Anatomy of the Anterior Abdominal WallOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Abdominoplasty is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic procedures that has orich & varied evolution.
The topographic surface anatomy is defined by the aesthetic units of the abdomen that should be evaluated & treated as indicated. There are 7 units in women & 6 only in men. The surgical anatomy should be considered from skin, muscles, arterial & neural view.
The appearance of aesthetic abdomen must be taken in consideration which has a medial sulcus in upper abdomen. Two shadows of semilunar line that joins over the pubic & two protuberance between the shadows beginning in the thorax join under the unit umbilicus with prominence below it.
Incisional hernia is diffuse extrusion of abdominal contents through a weak scar after an operation it represents a partial abdominal dehiscence where the deep layers separate but the skin remain intact.
The main pathohsyiology of abdominal contour deformity is excess skin, fat plus flascidity of muscluaponeurotic system. Both heredity & environmental factors play an important rule in preson`s body shape.
Many studies have shown that incisional hernia have different etiologies. Several factors are known to predispose to development of incisional hernia. A number those factors is related to performance of the operation which includes type of incision, type of suture material, the suturing technique, the type of closure, insertion of drains & postoperative wound infection.
In addition, a number of factors is related to specific patient characters or underlying disease which include old age, malnutrition, jaundice & ascities.
Patient evaluation is the most important parameter for selecting the suitable surgical technique.
During the surgical procedures each of the following should be considered, placement of incision, amount of skin resection, repair of incisional hernia, umbilicoplasty & closure.
A wide range of surgical techniques were designed to repair of incisional hernia starting from classic methods of primary repair ending with the novel techniques of prosthetic materials.
Both frequent & potentially serious complications may occur, the early complications include seroma, hematoma & infection.
Late complications such as hypertrophic scars, abnormal umbilical position, nerve injuries, elevation of pubic hair