الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study aimed to light on the marketing frame of the crops in
Egypt esp. ”The wheat and the maize” to determine their responsible
organization and to describe their marketing functions also to
describe their marketing, productive, trading and uppercase problems on
the national level.
If we comment on their productive case nationally we will say that
their space average is 5215 thousands F. (43.5%) of the whole in season of
1982/1996 that is 11997 Thousands fedans, then when we study the
general valualline of these crops we will know that their interests will
become 0.002 millions pounds where these crops could bear a yearly
financial value is 4884 million as a yearly average (30.6%) of the whole
agrarian productivity (15974 m.p.).
When we study the developing position of the crops (wheat and
maize) we found that their space became 32% of the yearly average that is
5215 thousands between 1982/1996 but we can say the only maize is
37.8%.
Also when we study their developing position we notice the average
of the yearly increasing is 2 Erdab to the F. in average of changing is
15.4%and 88% of it affectedby the time effects.
This will be for getting methods of modem treating towards the
agrarian productivity where we will notice the yearly increasing
considered 4.5 thousands Eradabs but the whole one of crops increased to
345 millions P. in 1982 and it became 4415 m.p. in 1996.
If we review what belonges to the maize crops we will discover that
the summer crop productivity increased (in fedan) 1.8 Erdab, but the Nile
crop increased (in fedan) 2.3 Erdab, but the whole maize (shamyia)
increased in fedan 1.7 Erdab this increasing happened because of
discovering the new sorts that were treated with in 1982 that was (18571
thousands Erdabs) and became in 1996 (36898 thousands Erdabs) the
increasing is 98%, the same periode made an increasing of 26441 thousand
Erdabs while the whole productive of the Nile one was in 1982, About
4541 thousands but in 1996 became 5579 thousand (Erdab), the increasing
is 22.9%.
The minimum of the Shamyia maize in 1996 became 74% where it
recorded statistical record of yearly 6.4 thousand. Erdab.
The one Erdab asked to be developed with the fedan cost for the
wheat from 198.2 P. to 1085.3 P. in 1996 but it asked for decreasing ofF.
cost 17 P. (33%), This affected by the time effects, but the net income of
the f. became 74.7 P. this shows the mere yearly interest is 7 P.
When we review the productive costs of the shamyia maize we will
find the F. minimum 206.8 P. (1982), but in 1996 it was 1117 P. then
when we study the general time line made a negative relationship between
the time and the cost we knew that this due to the arround circumstances
affect the product comming to the consumer, but the net income of this
sort of maize (summer seed) in 1982 was 44.4 P. to the f and in 1990 was
332.2 P. but after that this returen of the f. littled to 144.4 p because of
canceling of its exporting this affected negatively on the return
that became 5.2 P. to the f. also it due to highing the Producting
costs.
But if we review consumering the crops we will find the average of
the maize and the wheat flour is increasing to 11431 thous. ton in 1995
increasingly 86% from 1982 but the statistics suggest that it is an
increasing of 2.4 thousand. ton yearly where the human treating became
10805 thousand of wheat in 1995 (86%) then the individual shave became
182.3 k. in 1995 where the increasing was 0.21 k yealry per person.
The flour made an increasing from 109.5 k. yearly in 1985 to 166.4
yearly in 1995 maxmuw (52%) and the indvidual share increased to 0.20%
yearly.
But for the maize we could considered the increasing had hoppened
between 1982 and 1994 when the crop became from 4607 thousand to
8299 thousand ton ,but it decreased in 1995 to 7708 that was due
to attempts to spread fleldly then it led to Instability in the eighties .
esp. when the Farmers acted for caring about the poultry depending on the
maize only.
After that when we decided to balance between the two consumers
the humans and Poultry we had a developing the yearly average 3.4
thausand ton that means a developing in the individual share.
After that it ought to be at action for balancing between the
consuming of the poultry and the ather of the humans, that led to graduate
the value of the maize, then it made an additive stored maize and stored
265 million P. in 1995 because the storing will be the main interest where
it can save 50% of the crop.
The productive policy and the freeing costs policy led to mix the
maize with the wheat in making the bread and as it is noticed that
the individual share of the maize increased to 85.2 K in 1995 also we
noticed the poultry share increasing and at the same time a crops share
increasing for the industrial consuming from 78.3 thousand. T. in 1982 to
157 thousant. T. in 1995.
Also there were an increasing in the maize and wheat seeds between
1982 and 1995 from 103 thouand. T. to 155 thousand T. (maize) and from
58 thousand T. to 65 thouand T. (wheat). it is simple because of treating
with the moderated sorts.
The marketing operations made an increasing in the missing of the
crops its Percentage became 114 million pounds in the wheat but
sometimes we see a compensation for it.
But for the maize we recorded - between 82/94 an increasing in the
whole consuming from 4607 thouand T. to 8299 thausand T., also in the
eighties an unstability had happened because of the farmers acted for
caring the poultry depending on it.
The polity acted for exporting the Shamyia maize to compensate the
unexporting of the wheat then we saw an increasing had happened in the
maize exporting between 82/95 because the national share became
enough, but when the asking for the maize mored the cost highed, there
were some litting had happening when the animals need it greatly.
When we studied the maize and the wheat crops filed positions we
noticed a gab happens between their yearly productivity, it may be yearly
2.5 M.T. and we can say that it is because of the highing of the population
but we must know that the policy solve this problem by littling the
exporting to more the individual consuming to 27.6% in 1986 and to 51%
in 1993.
If we consider the price policy of the these crops of maize and
wheat we will notice that it is the only crop that can be controlled,
followingly the national openization policy led to spread the ability of
fielding the crop, but the value of the exporting graduated after that to
solve the balance problem of determining the crops net costs, that of
course happened in 1996 when the cost stabled at 641 P./T.
When the polity acts for exporting the crop we notice a gab in the
national individual consuming esp. for the wheat and its flour, the polity
acted for unexporting it to can save it for the people that consuming it
morely, But needing the wheat flour leads to lessen its costs and the noneeding
it highs its costs, the costs affected in 4%.
For the wheat the polity acted for balancing between the exporting
and the national need but it was very difficult because there is a highing in
the national need of it then, the polity centered on the maize exporting, this
affected negatively on the local prices of it and weakened its marketing
ability and made instability.
The season changings do not affect greatly on the relationship
between the two field cases of wheat and maize where the study showed
that the increasing and the decreasing of their ability fieldly or marketingly
remained as it is, but it is important to consider that there are treaties
among the countries controlling the productive line of them also the
transportation can affect highly on the prices of the crops only the
goverment can control the negative influences of this.
The last price of the local wheat highed in 1996 to 600 P./T from
the price of 1982 that was 82 PIT but the foreign wheat highed to
641 from 169 the state highed the prices of the local corps
to courage the producers to be away from the foreign others, it is because
the national interest of these popular corps, this local prices highine led to
support the marketing ability of wheat and maize in Eygpt.
The farming costs developing points to a highing of the farm prices
from 12.3 P./Erdab to 84.4 P./Erdab, that leads to high the marketing
ability from 43.9% to 63.9% (wheat).
If we review the shamyia maize case we will notice that between
82/95 the prices highed from 17.5 P./Erdab. to 71.7 P./Erdab., this led to
increase the marketing margine from 10.5 P./Erdab to 26.9 P./Erdab in
1995, it means freeing economy and canceling forced inporting, also it
means decreasing the marketing margines.