الفهرس 
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is the second most common parasitic infection of humans after malaria. In Egypt, schistosomiasis was traditionally one of the most important public health problems and infection with S. mansoni was the major cause of liver disease. In the past 10 years, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was considered a major public health problem in Egypt, with a doubling in its incidence rate in this period. The rising incidence of HCC has been associated with increased prevalence of HCV infection, that was directly associated with intravenous tartar emetic used to control schistosomiasis from 1950s to 1980s. Currently, most Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or HCC have co-infection of schistosomiasis and HCV. Literature had demonstrated that the association between S.mansoni and HCC is probably an indirect one, through potentiating the effect of hepatitis virus on the liver. However the role of isolated S. mansoni as a risk factor for the development of HCC is inadequately studied. In this study the role of isolated S. mansoni infection as a risk factor for development of HCC in Egypt was investigated. The current study included both parasitological and serological analysis that were conducted on 60 patients with HCC attending the outpatient clinic of medical oncology in health insurance hospitals in Fayoum governerate, performing stool examination and ELISA IgG antibody level for all 60 patients and 20 control group. Within HCC cases 26.7% (16/60), and 33.3% (20/60) suffered pure chronic schistosomiasis and pure Hepatitis C (HCV) infections respectively, with no statistically
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significant differences (p=0.37), indicating comparable risk value of both infections in predisposing directly to HCC. Additionally; frequency of HCC patients with assumed potentiated HCV infection by chronic Schistosoma mansoni 6.7% (4/60) were statistically significant (p<0.05), when compared to HCC patients proceeded by either pure chronic schistosomiasis 26.7% (16/60) or pure HCV infection 33.3% (20/60).This indicated the presence of direct relationship between chronic schistosomiasis and HCC and other factors led to development of HCC patients and not only through potentiation of the effect of viral hepatitis on the liver.
Key words: Schistosomiasis mansoni - Hepatocellular carcinoma - Hepatitis C virus
N.B: The abstract is accepted and presented in the XI European Multicolloquium of Parasitology (EMOP XI), cluj-Napoca, Romania.