الفهرس 
الباب الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
SUMMARY
The agricultural sector in Egypt is suffering from
the immigration of the agricultural trained workers to
other economic sectors, therefore the agricultural mechanization
has been considered the most suitable alternative
tp face the lacking of agricultural labour.
However inspite of using some of the agricultural
machines in the Egyptian villages since more than 50 years,
but a great number of the farmers have not yet used them.
For the researcher bel&ife in the necessity of shortening
the period between the avaliability of agricultural
mechanization technology and its adoption, therefore it
was necessary to study the factors affecting the adoption of
mechanization in some agricultural processes.
Accordingly, the objectives of tpe study were stated
as follows:-
1) Studying the relation between the adoption of .
the mechanical ploughing, irrigation and threshing processes
and the following factors :- age, educational
status, profession, family type, family size, educational,
status of the family members,participation in organization
exposure to general mass media, the cosmopoli t eneaa, innove.-·
tivne ss, mechanize.tion inc11nrllon, knowledge of agriculutral
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tractors and machines,contact with change agents, fatalism,
aspirations levels, opinion leadership, size of holdings typ,e
of holdings,farm livestock holdings, farm family employment~
average costs of the three agricultural processes accomplishment,
and average production of wheat and hourse bean
crops.
2) Studying the differences between adopters and
non adopte.rs for mechanization in ploughing, irrigation
and threshing according to the following factors :-
age, educational status, profession, family type,
family size, educational status of the family members,
participation in organization, exposure to general mass me df.a ,
the cosmpolitness,innovativness,mechanizatiort tendency know-·
ledge of agricultural tractors and machines, contact with
change agents, fatalism, aspiration levels, opinion lead
ership, size of holdings,type of holdings, farm livestock
holdings, farm family employment, average costs of the
three agricultural processes accomplishment and average
production of wheat and hourse bean crops.
) Studying of the most important difficulties
facing the mechanizations of the three agricultural processes
and the possible ways to overcome them from the
farmer’s point of view.
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To achieve these objectives two theortical hypothes.~
were determined a.nd.8t~tedintotwo null !lj’pOth8Iitl6 0
This study was conducted at 10 villages in FaYuom
district at FayuQm Governorate, which ~ere Kohafa ,Sanofer,
El Hamidia El Gidida, Menshate Feteih, El Alam,Nozlet Bashier,
El Nassria, Demshkine, El Hadakaand Manshat Bagdad.
A controlled sample of 100 land holders(farm.e:r;’s)~’:’s
selected from both adopters and non adopters of mechanized
pLo.ughLng , irrigation and threshing processes,( 10 adopters
and 10 non adopters from each village were selected random~~.
Data were collected through personal interviews based
on a priviously prepared questionnaire.
Befor putting the queationDadre in 1~ final form it was pretested.
Percentages were used in the presentations of the research
sample in the difficulties facing the diffusion of the
mechanization of the three agricultural processes mentioned
above and in the suggestions of the farmers for facing these
difficulties.chi-square,&Bi Serial correlation were used to
recognize the relationship between the adoption of the
mechanizations in the three agricultural pr.oc,esses and the
independant factors under the study, while T. test was used
to recognize the differences between adopters and non
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adopters of mechanization in the three agricultural processei9
according to the factors under the study.
The following results were obtained :-
I. The results of testing the hypothesis
A) The results of testing the first hypothesis:
1- There is no significant relation at 0,05 level
between the adoption for the mechanization of ploughing,
irrigation and threshing processes and both of
farmer’s age and type of farm holding.
2- There is a positive significant relation of
level of 0.05 between the adoption of mechanizing in
the three processes mentioned above and Family Type.
3- There is a positive significant relation at
level of 0.01 between the adoption of mechanizing
in the three processes mentioned above and each of:
educational status, Profession, educational status
of the family members, degree of participation in org~
izationB, degree of exposure to general mass media,
degree of cosmopolitness, degree of innovativness,
degree of meohanization tendency, degree of knowledge
of tractors and agricultural machines, frequent contact
with changes agents, aspiration level, size of farm
holding, farm animals stock, average production, and
degree of opinion leadership.
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4- There is a negative significant relation at
0,01 level between adopting mechanization in the three
processes and the following factors.
Family size, degree of fatalism, agricultural
working animals holding, size of agricultural
family employment and average costs of accomplishment
of the three agricultural processes.
B) The results of testing the second hypothesis were:-
1- There is no significant differences at 0.05
level between adopters and non adopters for the
mechanization in ploughing, irrigation and threshing
processes concerning both of farmer’s age and type
of farm holding.
2- There is a significant difference at 0.05
level between adopters and non adopters for the
agric~ltural three processes mentioned above coneerning
the family type.
. 3- There is a significant differences at 0.01
level between adopters and non adopters for the
agricultural processes concerning each of the following
factors :-
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Educational status, family size, profession, educational
status of the family members, degree of participation
in organization, degree of exposure to general mass media,
degree of cosmopolitness, degree ’of Innovativness, degree
of mechanization tendency, degree of knowledge of tractors
and agricultural machines,Frequent contact with the change
agents, aspiration level, size of farm holding, farm animals
stock, average production and degree of opinion leadership.
II. The most important difficulties of mechanizing the
three agricultural processes and the suggested solutions
for facing them according to the farmer’s point of view
were as follows :-
A. The reasons of not using the mechanization of the
three agricultural processes in a descending order
were :
Farmer’s holding of primitive tools and farm animals,
disadvantages of machines efficiency, high costs, family
farm labour availability, small farm size, lack of machines
in the co-operatives, unpaved ways through farms
the existing of hinderances in farm roads and having
various cr~ps in the same area.
B.The reaSOI18, or noa - posessdloD agricultural machines
arranged in descending order were as follows :
Unavaliabili ty of funds, high costs of operatioa and
conservation of machines. lack of experience in
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utilizing machines, availability of renting machines,
small size of farm and unavailability of technical
labour and accessories.
c. The most important difficulties facing the diffusion
of mechanization from the view points of the respondont’sJit
has been arranged in a descending order
as follows:farmer’s lack of money, small farm size, unpaved
ways through farms and the pretlondlU&\l:lCe :>! roughand
narr::J.l1’t fOU”lTlroadaJ!armerra; adherance to prim1ctive toolll)l
disadvantage of machin~s efficienc~ haVing variable
crops in same araa. Small farmers exploitation by
drivers and machine’s holders, high costs of utilizing
machines, lock of experience and advantage in utilizing
machines,the co-operativ~get rid of tractors
and machinesby selling l~ck of machines for facing
farmers needs, low prices of crops, companionship
among farmers and availability of,family labour, holders
of machines dislike to serve small areas, availability
of holding alternative primative tools,work in villages
were OIll.1in ilgl”iculture J u~ tractor~ in 80a-[ __•• .iLCthrit.laa,.,
lack of capital for buying machines, farmers adoption
of planting methods related to their primitive tools
and lack of technical labour and accessor~ua
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III. The important suggestions of the respondantsfor
facing the difficulties mentioned above were found
to be as follows:-
Constructing mechanical service centers,
, applying
tuitaole la1I1dl conaolidatio1’l. measure s , informing farmers
about the advantages of mechanization, instalment
mechanical services must be available, also tractors
and machines must be available in co-operatives,
tractors and machines must be increased to meet
farmers needs, caring of agricultural roads and
removing hinders from roads, minimise the mechanical
service costs, encourage re~ellreat the holding system for
tractors and maohines by instalment, having a new
J?,?ortunitiea for el.1Vloyme.R~availability of technical
laborers, accessories and conservative centers,
constructing training centers, developing the primitive
tools and Generalizing of ’lIe drainage and Longt udd.ne L
l’ines irrigation method.