الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION
Life cycle and pathophysiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a worldwide parasitic protozoan through temperate and tropical locations. H.pylori organisms are spiral microaerophilic, gram negative bacterium lives in and between gastric pits. It is more prevalent in developing than developed countries. H.pylori is the main cause of chronic gastritis and results in various disease outcomes including peptic ulceration, which is the main cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and gastric adenocarcinoma.
The present work aimed to study Giardia lamblia and Helicobacter pylori concomitant infections among school children in Alexandria. Three hundred and four children (202 males and 102 females) were enrolled in the study from June to September 2008.
Stool specimens were collected from the children in dry, clean and tight containers to be examined. Samples were examined microscopically to detect the trophozoite and cystic forms of G. lamblia and then examined by one step H.pylori test device to detect H.pylori Ag in the stool samples. Examination of samples was carried out in the laboratory of Tropical Health Department (High Institute of Public Health).
The results of the present study can be summarized as follows:
• Out of 304 cases studied, G. lamblia was detected in 55 cases (18.1%), H.pylori was detected in 98 cases (32.2%) and the combined infection of G. lamblia and H.pylori was 37 cases (12.2%).
• The study showed no statistical significant difference between age groups of the studied sample.
• The percentages of combined infection of G. lamblia and H.pylori in males were 15.3% and 5.9% respectively and it was statistically significant difference.
• The study also detected that there was no statistically significant difference regarding infection among children in different levels of education.
• Also, it was recorded that there was a highly statistically significant difference in infection among children according to crowding index which showed that the percentages of H.pylori and G. lamblia were increased in high CI.
• It was showen that there was no statistically significant difference in infected children according to storage of water and among children who had animals in their houses.
• It was found that there was a highly statistically significant difference regarding infection among those who were playing in the street; the percentages of H.pylori, G. lamblia, combined infection were 37.8%, 8.5% and 29.3% respectively as compared to those who didn’t play (13.5%, 5% and 5.9% respectively).
• The study showed that the percentage of diarrhea was the highest in infected children with H.pylori, followed by those of combined infection of both then those of G. lamblia which were (45.3%, 24.5% and 13.2% respectively). The same was found (47.7%, 39.5% and 7.9% respectively).
• Also nausea and vomiting were highly detected among those who had combined infection 41.7%. While those suffering from abdominal distension and gas per rectum were among those who had H.pylori, followed by combined infection (55.9% and 33.9% respectively among those suffering from nausea and vomiting) and (52.6% and 42% respectively among those suffering from gas per rectum).
• It was found that there was statistically significant difference among infected children who were living indoor and outdoor, where the rate of co-infection was higher among outdoor children.
from the results of the present study, it can be concluded that:
There was an association between H.pylori and G. lamblia infections among the studied children.
Both age and educational level didn’t affect the infections among children, in contrast gender and CI having an effect on H.pylori infection.
Storage of water and presence of animals didn’t affect the infection in contrast to playing in the street highly affected infection.
Outdoor children were more infected as compared to those who were indoor.
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and increasing gas per rectum are symptoms that were highly found among infected children.