الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the two-portal laparoscopic ovariectomy
compared with traditional midline ovariectomy in adult female dogs as well as evaluation
of laparoscopic vasectomy compared with traditional pre-scrotal castration in adult male
dogs.
The present experimental study was carried out on twelve apparently healthy
adult dogs of both sexes having body weights of 12 to 22 kg and age 8 to 30 months.
Dogs were divided into two groups; Group (1) included six bitches, were
sterilized by ovariectomy; a tr aditional midline ovariectomy (OVE) (three bitches) and
two-portal laparoscopic ovariectomy (LaOVE) ( three bitches). Group (2) included six
male dogs, were sterilized by castration; a traditional pre-scrotal orchiectomy (three dogs)
and laparoscopic vasectomy (three dogs).
After complete preparation of each animal for aseptic surgery and under the effect
of general anesthesia, the traditional midline ovariectomy of the selected three bitches
was per formed according to Peeters and Kirpensteijn (2011). While, two-portal
laparoscopic ovariectomy of the selected three bitches was performed according to
McCabe (2009). Traditional pre-scrotal orchiectomy of the selected three male dogs was
performed according to Boothe (2003). While, laparoscopic vasectomy of the selected
three male dogs was performed according to Mahalingam et al. (2009).
Incision length, surgical time, intra-operative complication(s), especially
bleeding, and healing scores [postoperative appearance of the skin incision site(s) ] of all
dogs were evaluated.
All dogs were subjected to laparoscopic evaluation (follow up) 1-2 weeks post-
operatively to detect post operative complications. Post operative pain was evaluated by
measuring of serum cortisol concentration. All collected data was analyzed statistically.
Results of the present study revealed that; Laparoscopy provided a comprehensive
description of the normal laparoscopic anatomy of the abdomen of the male and female
dogs.
The two-portal laparoscopic ovariectomy had smaller incisions length, longer
surgical time, lower incision scores, and lower serum cortisol concentrations after surgery
when compared with the traditional open ovariectomy.
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Summary and Conclusion
No major intra-operative complications observed in either OVE or LaOVE
bitches and ovaries were excised completely. No conversion to open surgery was
required in any of the laparoscopic procedures. Re-laparoscopic examination revealed no
visible complications or adhesions related to LaOVE.
The laparoscopic vasectomy had smaller incisions length but longer surgical time
when compared with the traditional pre-scrotal castration.
There was no significant difference between dogs underwent traditional castration
and those underwent laparoscopic vasectomy for incision scores and serum cortisol
concentr ations after oper ation at each of the time intervals.
No major intra-operative complications observed in either traditionally or
laparoscopic castrated dogs. Re-laparoscopic examination revealed no visible
complications or adhesions related to laparoscopic vasectomy.
Conclusion:
Despite a significantly longer operative time, dogs treated with laparoscopic
ovariectomy are seemingly experienced less postoperative pain and stress than those
treated with traditional open ovariectomy. This conclusion is based on higher serum
cortisol concentrations after surgery. The two-portal laparoscopic ovariectomy proved
advantageous than traditional open ovariectomy in bitches as it is safe, less painful, and
offered minimal invasiveness. On the contrar y, pre-scrotal castration proved
advantageous than laparoscopic vasectomy in dogs.
Recommendation:
Laparoscopic procedures are recommended to be applied as a routine technique,
when possible, in most instances according to type of operation and organ involved.