الفهرس 
The cecum and appendixOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer ties with breast cancer as the third most frequent cancer, after gastric and lung cancers. In United States colorectal cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and has the second highest cancer related mortality rate after lung cancer. An important feature of colorectal cancer is the wide variation in incidence (as much as 30-fold-noted between population groups according to geographic region). These differences do not appear to be solely the result of genetic factors because populations migrating from low to high incidence regions experience an increase in the rate of colorectal cancer. Such data provide indirect evidence that environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The definite etiology of colorectal cancer is still obscure. However, many factors play a role in the development of such malignancy. Among possible predisposing factors; polyposis coli and chronic inflammatory bowel disease appear to be inconvertibly established.
The diagnosis of colorectal cancer can be based on the evaluation of a symptomatic patient or on the results of screening or surveillance programs for a symptomatic patient. The symptoms of colorectal cancer can be nonspecific, such as intermittent abdominal pain, bleeding, nausea, and vomiting.
Clinical examination of the patient is of great value. It includes general and abdominal examinations as well as digital palpation of the rectum which may reveal the presence of mass.
Surgical resection remains the mainstay for radical treatment of colorectal cancer. The aim of surgery is to remove the tumor bearing segment together with its lymphatic drainage area and other structures which may be involved by local spread and thereafter, to restore bowel continuity.
Utilization of laparoscopy in surgical resection has been reported to potentially offer several advantages over conventional open procedures but it is still limited because of its high cost.
Other lines of treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are adjuvant to surgery. However, they can be used in advanced and recurrent tumors as palliative measures without resection. Most trials of these therapeutic modalities proved a definite but modest beneficial effect of its use.
To sum up, there is no doubt that early detection of colorectal cancer together with the proper surgical management will have better prognostic results. Also, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy when added will improve the outcome of the disease. Moreover, monitoring patients by tumor markers will anticipate recurrences and hence their early handling