الفهرس 
Anatomy of the SpleenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Multiple therapeutic options have been used for treatment of hypersplenism including classic splenectomy, partial splenectomy, partial splenic embolization…. etc (McCormick et al., 2000).
The classic splenectomy is associated with loss of the splenic immunity and high morbidity and mortality rates (Palsson et al., 2003).
Patients with cirrhotic splenomegaly and hypersplenism often have many complications, which are the contraindication of splenectomy (Quanda et al., 2005).
Splenic artery embolization, was used for the management of hypersplenism but was later found to be associated with severe complications, such as splenic abscess, fatal pneumonia, sepsis, pancreatic and hepatic infarction, and even death (Palsson et al., 2003).
This procedure was then modified to be partial splenic embolization (PSE), which was not a safe procedure either, because complications such as abdominal pain, fever, atelectasis, or even death occurred (Sakai et al., 2002).
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) technique is a safe and effective minimally invasive approach for the management of splenomegaly and hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (Quanda et al., 2005).
RFA can be done through percutaneous, laparasopic or open surgery approach. Three or four overlapped regions in the mid to inferior part of the spleen were ablated for each treatment session. During the RFA procedure, dynamic ultrasound images of ablated spleen were recorded (Quanda Liu et al., 2005).
The safety of this procedure was demonstrated by the findings that no serious complications or death occurred in all previous studies. No thermal injuries of peri splenic organs, such as pancreas, Stomach and colon, were detected. No fluctuation in blood pressure was observed (Toshiyuki et al., 2007).
Leukocyte and platelet counts, as well as liver function, improved substantially during the 2-year follow-up. Patients with 40% of spleen volume ablated had better improvement of thrombocytopenia. No death or severe complications occurred (Quanda Liu et al., 2008).
The splenic and portal venous flows decreased, but hepatic arterial flow (HAF) increased dramatically after the RFA procedure. Liver volumes at 3 month post-RFA increased compared to the baseline volumes (Quanda Liu et al., 2008).