الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF THE PROSTATEOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
As the prostate cancer is currently the highest prevalent form of cancer in men and the second most common cause of cancer associated deaths, thus the detection and staging of prostatic tumor is critical, as the early diagnosis of malignancy dictates therapeutic cure or palliation depending on the stage of the tumor (Schwarzenböck et al., 2012).
PET/CT provides anatomical and functional information during single examination by detect in the site of tracer accumulation, so it could potentially increase accuracy to detect primary and recurrent prostate cancer, as well as the metastatic lesion (Kapoor et al., 2004).
FDG-PET/CT has generally showed limited efficacy in the primary diagnosis and staging of clinically organ-confined disease, but it seems to be useful for reflect tumor aggressiveness; detecting locally recurrent or metastatic disease in some patients who have PSA relapse only with scan sensitivity that increases with increasing PSA level and in assessing the extent of metabolically active castrate-resistant disease (Jadvar et al., 2008).
Choline PET/CT is a powerful technique in the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer. It has proved to be of value for the detection of clinically suspected prostate cancer. It is also a clinically valuable tool for restaging patients with increasing PSA serum levels after definitive local therapy (Jadvar, 2011).
Choline PET/CT shows high sensitivity for bone metastasis and plays an important role in patient stratification with respect to lymph node involvement for primary surgery and radiation therapy (Beheshti et al, 2010)
However, Choline has limited values with prostate focal lesions less than 5mm. (Beheshti et al, 2010)
Most of the recent focus has been on 18F-fluorocholine for detection of locally recurrent or metastatic disease in men with PSA relapse (Beheshti and langsteger, 2009).
About the C11-acetate PET/CT; it appears to have a comparable accuracy with C11- cholin PET/CT for detecting local recurrence and metastatic disease in early PSA recurrence (Almeida, 2012).
As regard the Fluorine-18-NaF; it may soon replace the standard 99mTc-based bone scintigraphy in view of its superior diagnostic performance (Desaia et al, 2012).
The [18F] FDHT might be more suitable for therapy monitoring than for diagnosing primary prostate cancer, while [11C] methionine PET/CT may play a role in diagnosing primary prostate cancer (Shiiba et al, 2011).
However, further studies are needed to assess the actual value of these tracers with PET/CT in diagnosing and staging of prostate cancer (Jadvar, 2012).