الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There is growing evidence to suggest that patient sex is an independent factor influencing postoperative outcomes and, in particular, speed of recovery from general anesthesia.
Many of the physiological differences between women and men could be the result of the direct or indirect actions of female sex hormone.
Estrogen and progesterone have also been shown to increase the potency of inhalational anesthetics, to demonstrate dose-dependent hypnotic effects.
Indeed, quality of recovery may be slower in women. Preoperative squeal such as anaphylactic reactions, pain scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), sore throat, headache and backache.
PONV is a common problem and major contributing factor impairing a patient’s quality of recovery; it also prolongs recovery time and delays patient discharge.
PONV is influenced by many factors including site and duration of surgery, anesthetic agents and patient sex.
Indeed, female sex is a known risk factor for PONV. Women have a two-fold increased risk, but this decreases after the age of 50 years. This suggests that hormonal influences may be contributing to the PONV sensitivity.
This work show Patient sex is an independent factor influencing the response to anesthesia and recovery after surgery. Women emerged faster from general anesthesia but their overall quality of recovery was poorer. Female sex hormones, particularly progesterone, might be involved, with premenopausal women having faster recovery time but poor overall recovery.