الفهرس 
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Abstract
The land will be final host for the disposal of sludge from water and wastewater treatment plant. The sludge which will be dumped to the land will be either chemically, biologically, mechanically, or thermally treated.
In this work, utilizing different clay minerals to activate the water waste digested sludge WWDS in order to increase and/or control the production of off-gas.
The sludge was mixed with variable amounts of different clay minerals, to study the effects of different clay mineral type on the WWDS degradation. Clay minerals usually activate wide variety of organic reactions leading to transformation and/or decomposition of the adsorbed species. Sludge samples were mixed at differnet ratios with kaolinite and montmorillonite to determine the most effective clay mineral and the optimum mixing ratio that will affect the reaction rate and the generation rate of gases. The mixing ratios ranged between 10% and 80% by weight.
Four series of experiments were conducted on the WWDS-clay mixtures. The WWDS used in this study was 20-days digested sludge brought from Zeneen wastewater treatment plant, west of cairo. To simulate the anaerobic conditions, used cells were consisted of closed reactors connected to gas collector. Each gas collector was attached to an open jar to receive and measure the volume of water collected due to the pressure of the off-gas. The cells were placed in a glass basin equipped with a heater to maintain a constant temperature 35c during the test.
Experimental results indicated that the optimum mixing ratio for kaolinite was 80% and for montmorillonite was 40%. In addition , slugde-clay mixtures with different PH values, ranged from 5-9 were prepared. In case of kaolinite mixture, when the PH was lowered by adding hydrochloric acid, the reaction was slow. When ph reached 5, the off-gas production ceased. When the PH value of the mixture was increased, the total volume of the off-gas increased.