الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
This study aims to investigate the effect of preparing sugar
beet residues as a waste of extending juse squeeze industry by
recycling it in a benefit compost for manuring purposes. from other
wise, the newly reclaimed areas of sandy and calcareous soils are in
need to continuous supply with organic matter either for improving
their properties or for supplying with macor and micro plant
nutrients.
In order to conduct these objectives, a laboratory work was
planed followed with a pot experiment and applied in a field
experiment.
The laboratory work included tow composting systems,
aerobic and anaerobic for 9 months. Sugar beet residues whether
resulted from haulms, preparation the roots in field and before
squeezing them to obtain sugar were collected, airy dried and
chopped into peces one inch long. The bulk quantity was divided into
two portions. One of them was composted under aerobic and the
other under anaerobic conditions. The samples of each system were
taken after 0, 7, 15 days and monthly up to 9 months. The obtained
results of that work could be summarized in the following;
Organic matter content decreased by time of composition in a
rate higher in case of aerobic compost than that in anaerobic one.
Humus and organic acids increased by time of composting
their concentrations under anaerobic conditions were higher than that
under aerobic when the period of composting was longer than 6
months.
Total nitrogen increased as a per cent relatively to the
continuous decreased in organic matter. In the same time, C/N ratio
narrowed gradually by time of composting that ratio was more wide
in aneorobic than in aerobic compost. Ammonification process was
active through time and produced more ammonia in anaerobic case.
Nitrification process activity was detected in aerobic conditions only.
Total phosphorus and total potassium followed the same trend
of total nitrogen. Ratios of CIP and CIK were almost as the same as
CIN.
Ash increased as a relative percentage m continuous
decomposed material.
pH of compost decreased slowly in aerobic case but under
anaerobic condition, it was more acidy after 9 months .
Cation exchange capacity increased proportionally through
aerobic and anaerobic composting but the increases stopped after 7
months in the aerobic compost.
Total souble salts in the mixture at 0 time was about 2.1 %.
That percent increased gradually recording more high salinity in
compost of anaerobic condition up to 2 times of its beginning.
Soluble sodium and potassium took the same trend of total soluble
salts. The increases in total soluble salts resulted from more soluble
ea++ .
Water holding capacity in compost samples revealed gradual
increases under tow composting systems promoting in aerobic case
up to 15 days and in anaerobic on up to 60 days from starting. The
curve tended to decrease after that along with composting period. As
for moisture content, it gradually increased by time of composting
under both systems, but it was higher in the anaerobic conditions
which may be due to the closed nature of the system.
The pot experiment was planed using three soil samples;
sandy. calcareous and alluvial in pots able to 6 kg soil received (half
recommended dose, recommended dose and double recommended
dose) of aerobic or anaerobic compost. The used compost was one of
the three composting periods; 3, 6 and 9 months. Wheat was planted
up to maturity as test crop followed with sudangrass which was cut 3
times to study the residual effect of composting additions.
Results of that experiment could be summarized in the
following:
Organic matter content in soil decreased by time of
application. That content was high in the alluvial soil followed by
calcareous and sandy the lowest one. The soil received aerobic
compost contained organic matter higher than that received anaerobic
one. Period of 6 month composting was the best but in case of
application with anaerobic compost, 9 month composting period was
the highest. Increasing dose of application increased proportionally
soil organic matter content.
Total nitrogen also increased by time of composting . The most
significant superior treatment was addition of 4% compost having 6
month composting period under aerobic condition. The best
treatment of anaerobic compost was the dose of 4% of the 9 month
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. composted one. These resulted were uniform in soil samples taken
after wheat or sudangrass .
CIN ratio differed in their maximum and minimum limits from
soil to another. In all soils elN ratio was narrow after sudangrass
harvesting than that after wheat harvesting because of the
consumption of nitrogen by plant in these soils. The ratio narrowed
by increasing dose of compost application in sandy soil especially
whhn the preparation of compost was under aerobic conditions. The
slight changes in CIN ratio indicated to the equilibrium trend of
organic carbon decomposition and total nitrogen presence for that
compost.
Available phosphorus increased by increasing dose of
application. The best period of composting was 6 months for aerobic
and 9 months for anaerobic. Alluvial soil contained the highest
values of available phosphorus.
Available potassium followed the same trend of available
phosphorus with an observation that sandy soil lost the highest
percentage of its available potassium through the second season.
Dry matter yield of wheat and suddangrass was affected by all
the studied factors revealing the superiority of alluvial soils, 6
months composting period, aerobic conditions of composting and 4%
dose of application significantly to the other treatments in each
factor.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in plant tissues
raised by increasing dose of application of 6 months aerobic
composting compost followed by that of 9 months anaerobic one
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with respect to soil properties effect in the order .; alluvial >
calcareous> sandy soil.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium taken up were of almost
the same trends of their concentrations in plants, Dry matter
production reflected also its trend. In each soil the supeaor treatment
was 4% 6 months aerobic composting compost with superiority of
alluvial soil to other soils.
A complementary work was established in field by using the
most recommended treatment in the pot experimentand compared it
with the FYM. The common dose 10 and its double 20 tens/feddan of
6 months aerobic composting sugar beet residues! compost or
farmyard manure were applied to an alluvial soil in El-Hamoul area,
Kafr El-Shikh Governorate. Wheat was planted after additions as a
test crop till maturity .
The obtained results of the field experimest could be
summarized in the followings:
Organic matter content in soil increased by addition of any
used amendment to more than its double in unmasured plots .
Compost was significantly superior to farmyard manuse at the smae
dose. Raising the dose of application of each, caused significant
benefit in increasing organic matter content.
Total nitrogen in soil was almost of the same! trend of soil
organic matter. Carbon to nitrogen ratio was after l5 months of
addition wider in plots recevied organic manure with feWdifferences
not more than 0.3 within treatments. from that ratio it was found that
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sugarbeet compost had rapid rate of decomposition more than that of
FYM.
Nitrate-N after harvesting was about on half to one fourth of
ammoniacal N due to plant consumption and leaching by drainage.
Both of them increased by treatments 6 - 18 times and 3 - 9 times in
the descending orders ; 20 tons compost> 10 tons compost> 20 tons
FYM > 10 tonsFYM > control and 20 tons compost> 20 tons FYM
> 10 tons compost > 10 tons FYM > control in case of ammoniacal
and nitrate-N, respectively.
Organic manuring addition increased available phosphorus and
potassium in soil in ranges of 150-300% and 10-44%, respectively.
The highest values of P and K availability were obtained from
treatment of 20 tons compostlfeddan followed with 20 tons FYMlfed
higher than 10 ton compost/fed. at 10 tons farmyard manure/fed.
came at least of them.
Wheat grains and straw yields significantly responded to
organic application. 20 tons compost/fed. was significantly superior
to other treatments. 20 tons farmyard manure/fed. as the same as 10
tons compost/fed. was significantly higher than 10 tons farmyard
manure/fed.
Nitrogen uptake appeared significant differeaces between
treatments in the order 20 tons compost> 20 tons farmyard manure>
10 tons compost> 10 tons farmyard manure> the control.
Phosphorus uptake in wheat grains and potassium in straw
followed the same order of yield while phosphorus, in straw and
potassium in grains followed that of nitrogen uptake.
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The final conclusion could be led to the following :
Composting sugar beet residues either under aerobic or
anaerobic conditions produced better quality organic manure.
Increasing period of composting decreased the organic matter
content on the produced compst and increased its nutrient
availability.
In order to increase soil organic matter in the newly reclaimed
soils, 3 months composting compost may be the favourete while 6
months aerobic or 9 months anaerobic composting is more favourete
in those soils for increasing their supplying power with nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium.
In alluvial soils of’El-Hamoul, 10 tons/fed. Sugarbeet compost
can be stood equivalent to 20 tons FYMlfed. when the mentioned
compost is prepared under aerobic conditions for 6 months.
Because of sugarbeet residues accumulated in a limited short
period of year after sugar beet harvesting, it can be composted under
anaerobic conditions up to 9 months if it was recommended to crops
growing in the same season.