الفهرس 
Anatomy and Embryology of the Thyroid GlandOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This work has discussed the different items concerning toxic goiter that may influence, directly or indirectly, the management of toxic goiter.
It has included a basic knowledge of the anatomical and physiological considerations of the thyroid gland that serve to avoid many of the anatomical complications during surgery, as well as to help to understand the pathogenesis, and clinical features of the condition respectively.
The work has also implied a study of the various etiologic factors producing the disease, and the pathological features characterising the disease and correlate with the clinical features of the condition.
Knowledge of the above-mentioned items would formulate a foundation upon which proper management of toxic goiter can be achieved.
The work has also discussed the ways of management of toxic goiter that depend largely on the proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the condition. Proper diagnosis of the condition can be attained by the proper clinical examination and confirmed by the various investigations done to establish the diagnosis of the disease. The clinical diagnosis relies on taking a thorough and careful case history from the patient, the symptoms that the patient may complain, and the clinical signs detected by an accurate clinical examination.
This work had also pointed out to the different clinical types of toxic goiter that may differ from each other in their course, progress and response to treatment.
The investigations performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis were included laboratory tests for determination of thyroid function, imaging studies of the thyroid gland and plain ¬X-ray, and the investigations also implied cytological studies of the thyroid gland (needle biopsy of the gland).
The methods of treatment of toxic goiter discussed in this work were essentially three: long term therapy with antithyroid medications that influence thyroid function or symptoms it produces, the use of radio active iodine to destroy thyroid tissue by radiation, or the application of surgery for the removal of overactive thyroid tissue.
Each method of treatment was discussed in details with a special reference to know advantages and disadvantages or its use: which the treating physician should know fully before starting the treatment. The strategy for selection of any of these three therapeutic agents is based on the known advantages and disadvantages of each agent, the physician’s own preference, the patient’s tolerance of the chosen therapeutic agent, and also the patient’s desires. No routine use of any of these therapeutic measures; each patient should be considered individually according to the previous factors that may alter the choice of a mode of therapy from one patient to another and also from a therapist to another. With all the three above mentioned therapeutic methods, the risk of hypothyroidism, and to a lesser extent, recurrence of hyperthyroidism existed and therefore long¬-term follow-up of the patient for the rest of his life is mandatory for earlier recognition and better management of such two delayed complications of any form of therapy.
This work discusses briefly the surgical management of toxic goiter comparing between subtotal, near-total and total thyroidectomy denoting the complications and advantages of each operation.
Surgical treatment of toxic goiter is the most rapid method of rendering the thyrotoxic patient euothyroid.
The only unpredictable outcome of total thyroidectomy is permanent hypoparathyroidism which occur in some patients due to accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during the procedure of total thyroidectomy.
Near-total or total thyroidectomy is the favorable method used by most authors for surgical management of toxic goiter. Also near-total or total thyroidectomy is the operation of well-trained surgeons while subtotal thyroidectomy is the operation of occasional surgeons.