الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aims at studying the reactions of active phosphacumulenes, phosphallene and stabilized phosphonium ylides with active centers in certain organic molecules. Xanthenone and hydroxyxanthenone were reacted with the active ylide (Nphenyliminovinylidene) triphenylphosphorane) to afford phosphanylidene cyclobutane and pyranoxanthen-ylidene. Moreover, 2-acetyl, 2-benzoyl, 2-cinnamoyl
hydroxyxanthenone and anthracenone with active phosphacumulenes (Nphenyliminovinylidene) and (2-oxovinylidene) triphenylphosphorane givepyranoxanthenones and cyclobutane derivatives during Wittig reaction or Hofmann degradation. Whereas, phosphanylidene cyclobutyl xanthenone was isolated when 2-allyl hydroxyxanthenone reacted with oxovinylidene. On the other hand, active ylides were reacted with naphthalenedione and hydrazone derivatives to give cyclic butylidene, stabilized phosphorane, and pyridazine derivatives.
Diphenylcyclobutenedione and diphenylcyclohexadienedione were reacted with the active ylide, giving phosphanylidenes but cyclobutenone and cyclohexadienone were isolated in case of the reaction with stabilized ylide which reacted with another molecule of active phosphacumulene to afford oxabicyclo and cyclobutylidene derivative. Bisphosphorane was reacted with benzylidene, malononitrile, and anthracenedione to give oxaphosphininone and spiro oxaphosphetane. Whereas azaphosphetidine was obtained in case of naphthalene monoanil. Moreover, the difference in the nucleophilic character and reactivity of the phosphorus reagents were noticed, phosphacumulene>phosphallene>stable phosphonium ylides. Some of new compounds were evaluated as anticancer agent in vitro against two human cell lines in comparison with the reference drug, doxorubicin.