الفهرس 
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Abstract
Organotin compounds such as tributyltin (TBT) are used for many purposes, principally in antifouling paints for boats and in the plastic industry. The wide spread use of TBT cause contamination to aquatic organisms and environment. Thus, the present work is designed to examine the effect of low doses of TBT on biochemical analysis of tissues of the Nile water (Claries gariepinus) as well as histological investigation of its gonads.
Fish were exposed to 1 and 2 ng of TBTO and the tissue samples were collected after 10, 20 and 30 day after exposure. The result showed a significant decrease in hepatic Alanine amino transferase, Aspertate amino transferase(ALT,AST),protein,lipid,Glutathione(GSH) content,Glutathione S-transferase(GST) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents,but showed significant increase of Malonedialdehyde(MDA) content. Kidney exhibited significant decreased in urea, creatinine, protein, lipid, and GST activity while significant increased in MDA, GSH and SOD contents was noticed. Gonad showed significant decreased in protein, lipid and GSH contents recorded but significant elevation in MDA, GST (during 20 day of low and high dose) and SOD contents was recorded. For muscle significant declined in protein, lipid and GSH while significant increased in MDA, GST and SOD content was recorded. The gill showed significant decreased in protein, lipid and GST activity but detected significant increased in MDA and GSH (at 10 day of low and high dose) and SOD content. The histological examination revealed that ovary and testis tissues were greatly affected.
Therefore, the present study suggests minimizing or preventing of TBT use in different purposes, where it has drastic effects even at lowest concentrations.
Key words: Tributyltin (TBT), Nile cat fish, Clarias gariepinus, Antioxidants enzymes, Liver functions, Kidney functions, Histology.