الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF SHOULDER JOINTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Objective:
To compare the clinical assessment of overall inflammatory activity of
the shoulder and hip joints being hidden joints and cannot be assessed
clinically in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with ultrasonography
(US) and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS).
Methods:
Thirty patients diagnosed as RA in addition to ten normal controls age
and sex matched will be subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical
evaluation and lab assessment for: .CBC .ESR .CRP .Liver and kidney
functions then Ultrasound and power Doppler study of the shoulder and
hip joints done by a rheumatologist.
Results:
High frequency ultrasonography (US) has greatly improved
musculoskeletal imaging in rheumatology; several studies have
demonstrated that high frequency US is accurate for detecting joint
effusion and synovitis compared with magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) and direct arthroscopic visualization. US are more sensitive and
reproducible than clinical evaluation in assessing joint inflammation.
3
Power Doppler (PD) US is a new technique of colour Doppler that
improves the sensitivity to detect flow from small vessels and low
velocity flow at the microvascular level. The PD signal correlates highly
with local clinical evaluation of joint inflammatory activity in the knee,
metacarpophalangial (MCP) and interphalangeal joints of patients with
RA and other inflamatory arthropathies. Recent studies have shown that
PD synovial vascularity correlates highly with histologically proved knee
pannus and with the degree of synovial vascularisation of the knee and
hip.
Conclusion:
PDUS detects indirect signs of increased vascularization associated with
soft tissue musculoskeletal inflammatory and infectious diseases and
enthesitis and spondyloarthropathies.
KEY WORDES
Ultrasound _ assessment _ activity