الفهرس 
Anatomy of the Female BreastOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The female breast has a diverse physiology that makes accurate reproducible measurements of this organ very difficult. It is a three-dimensional soft tissue structure that is anchored to a bony and muscular framework but does not remain constant over time. Breast shape is affected by physiological changes associated with puberty, ovulation, gestation and lactation.
The breast has been synonymous with femininity since the dawn of time and has assumed various roles in female beauty ever since. If one were to infer from art and statuary of women over the ages, size was not an important feature of femininity until the mid-20th century when media began dictating the tenets of beauty, which became increasingly associated with youth. The ideal breast assumed a more youthful posture, and size has become increasingly more important.
So we must always strive to create the breast that is appropriate for the patient’s body shape. Therefore, it is important to do anthropomorphic measurements on all women contemplating aesthetic breast surgery to see if we ultimately achieve our goals. Even with the accuracy attainable with the tables and formulas presented, there is still no substitute for adequate preoperative evaluation and surgical talent, experience, and skill.
Augmentation-mastopexy is one of the most challenging procedures in aesthetic breast surgery. And it historically challenged the creativity of plastic surgeons. Combining mastopexy with breast augmentation is not a new procedure and staging the procedure is certainly an acceptable option but we believe that a combined procedure is equally as safe and effective. Although the two procedures almost contradict each other, hence the need for care in both planning and execution when used concurrently. Nevertheless, there are situations when the combined procedure is indicated.
The simultaneous implementation of these two procedures (augmentation and lift) is a rational solution to the problem of breast ptosis and hypoplasia. For certain cases, a single procedure does not adequately resolve the problem. A single procedure to attain a lift may still leave the breast relatively small and possibly misshapen and while an augmentation will improve the size, it will not correct the ptotic breast.
So, even if the goals of augmentation and mastopexy are diametrically opposed—volume enhancement with skin envelope reduction—yet they must be combined to yield the best results when breast augmentation alone will not be sufficient.
So both augmentation and mastopexy are necessary to solve the problems of breast ptosis with hypoplasia. Therefore it is reserved to treat patients with volume-depleted breasts who require significant breast projection and to give them a more youthful-looking breast.
As these two procedures can be done simultaneously with no increased risks, it is advantageous to use them for achieving a more balanced result with less morbidity, cost, time, and recovery for the patient
The selection of the surgical technique when performing mastopexy with augmentation is the single most important factor for obtaining good mid- and long-term aesthetic results and for minimizing short-term complications
Therefore Maliniac’s statement is as true today as it was in 1950: The surgeon’s sense of sculptural form must dictate the ultimate decision as to the placement (and shape) of the breasts