الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Several biofuel candidates were proposed to displace fossil fuels in order to eliminate the vulnerability of energy sector. New technologies such as algal biofuels aim to address these weaknesses. Bioethanol, an environmentally friendly renewable liquid biofuel, can be produced from several different biomass feedstocks such as (i) sugar or starch crops (as sugar cane, sugar beet, corn and wheat), and from (ii) lignocellulosic biomass (Chiaramonti, 2007). Microalgae cultivation is one of good solutions to solving all the environmental problems in our environment such as global warming, the increase of ozone hole and climate changed because it consumes high quantity of carbon dioxide in Photosynthesis process to produce oxygen and glucose. Algae can adapt in any environment and under all the conditions. In the right conditions, microalgae utilize photosynthetic energy, carbon and nutrients to grow biomass that can be used as raw material in many applications. For example, microalgae have the potential to be a major source of biofuels worldwide, or to be used as feed in aquaculture, as fertilizer in agriculture or even, as a source of other high value chemicals (such as pigments or other specialties) (Mata et al., 2010). They store within the cellular material compounds such as carbohydrates (mainly starch), polymers, cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins and energy reserves in the form of lipids (that collectively include long chain oxygenated hydrocarbons such as fatty acids and glycerides), among other compounds of commercial interest. |