الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Several biofuel candidates were proposed to displace fossil fuels in
order to eliminate the vulnerability of energy sector. New technologies
such as algal biofuels aim to address these weaknesses. Bioethanol, an
environmentally friendly renewable liquid biofuel, can be produced from
several different biomass feedstocks such as (i) sugar or starch crops (as
sugar cane, sugar beet, corn and wheat), and from (ii) lignocellulosic
biomass (Chiaramonti, 2007). Microalgae cultivation is one of good
solutions to solving all the environmental problems in our environment
such as global warming, the increase of ozone hole and climate changed
because it consumes high quantity of carbon dioxide in Photosynthesis
process to produce oxygen and glucose. Algae can adapt in any
environment and under all the conditions. In the right conditions,
microalgae utilize photosynthetic energy, carbon and nutrients to grow
biomass that can be used as raw material in many applications. For
example, microalgae have the potential to be a major source of biofuels
worldwide, or to be used as feed in aquaculture, as fertilizer in agriculture
or even, as a source of other high value chemicals (such as pigments or
other specialties) (Mata et al., 2010). They store within the cellular
material compounds such as carbohydrates (mainly starch), polymers,
cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins and energy reserves in the form of
lipids (that collectively include long chain oxygenated hydrocarbons such
as fatty acids and glycerides), among other compounds of commercial
interest.