الفهرس 
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Abstract
I’
Uranium-238 and thorium-232 are very long-lived nuclides, they can be
found in natural materials and man-made products. The nuclear radiation form
them has sufficient energy to cause ionization in water, of which cells are
largely composed. This can lead to certain damage such as radiation sickness,
cataract or in the longer term, cancer.
The present work mainly deals with the estimation of uranium and
thorium concentration in Gabal Gattar granitic rocks. It is located about 35 Km
to the west of Hurghada City on the red sea coast. It is formed of a huge mass of
younger granitic rock covering an area of about 450 km”, Samples have been
collected in the field and prepared for the various purposes of this study. The
concentration of the gases released from these samples is measured using a
modified can-technique. All these measurements are done by one of the most
sensitive solid state nuclear track detector, CR-39. Also, this thesis deals with
the characteristics of this detector to choose the optimum etching conditions in
the aim of achieving the main goal of this work. This thesis consists of five
chapters and a conclusion.
Chapter one is based on an introduction which discusses the historical
review of the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) and the mechanism
oftrack formation. It also deals with the track etching characteristics.
Chapter two shows the importance of the biological effects of radiation.
In this chapter, the radiation units and the interaction of radiation with cells are
discussed.