الفهرس 
CESAREAN SECTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 132 |  |  |
| | | from | 132 | | |
Abstract
elivery by cesarean section is one of the most commonly performed
obstetrical operations all over the world, but it exposes women to the
inherent risks of major abdominal surgery, e.g., injury to the pelvic
structures, infection, and the need for blood transfusion.
Antepartum physiological adaptation in preparation for blood loss
at delivery includes a 42% increase in plasma volume and a 24% increase
in red blood cell volume by the third trimester.
Toward the end of pregnancy, the uterus is perfused at a rate of
500-700 ml –min. This massive physiological hyperperfusion results in
an average blood loss of approximately 1000 ml during cesarean delivery.
Studies of the relationship between placental delivery mode and
intraoperative blood loss have been carried out. It was found that manual
removal of the placenta was associated with greater operative blood loss
compared with spontaneous separation of the placenta. In contrast, it was
recently observed no significant difference, however, these authors
studied a relatively small number of patients, some of whom received a
midline incision which causes a greater blood loss than a low transverse
incision.