الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study aimed to reduce the urinary catheter contamination by biofilm forming Gram negative bacteria, e.g. E. coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram
positive bacteria, e.g. Staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus
aureus. Also the study aimed to detect the genes responsible for biofilm
formation in different bacteria and suggestion of different coating systems
for the urinary catheters to reduce catheter associated urinary tract
infections (CAUTI).
Among the 128 urinary catheters collected, one hundred and eight
(108) were showed adherent bacteria. from these urinary catheters, 150
isolates were obtained and identified as: E. coli 40 isolates (26.7%), 28
isolates (18.7%) as Klebsiella were identified, 20 (13.3%) Proteus
isolates, 22 (14.7%) Pseudomonas isolates, S. epidermidis isolates 28
(18.7%) and 12 (8%) isolates S. aureus (Table 6 and Figure 9).
Identification of clinical isolates were based mainly on the
morphological, culture characteristics and the biochemical tests according
to Koneman et al. (1997) and Forbes et al. ( 2007). Biofilm production
is an important pathogenic factor which facilitates the adherence of
microorganism to medical devices and protects them from the host
immune system and antimicrobial therapy.
As shown in (table 7 and figure 10), the clinical isolates were
classified according to the degree of biofilm formation and adherence into
4 groups which are non, weak, moderate and high producers.
In this study, As (table 7 and figure 10) revealed, Gram negative
bacteria were more predominant than Gram positive bacteria as highly
biofilm producers. Where, 36.4% of Pseudomonas isolates were highly
producers followed by E. coli and Proteus isolates (30% each). Klebsiella
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isolates were the least highly biofilm forming bacteria among Gram
negative isolates.