الفهرس 
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Abstract
Assembly line balancing balancing plays an important role in the modern production systems. Assembly type began by an assembly of one unit product by one operator in the individual production. The necessities that the operators appointed to do that work must have a good idea and high degree of skillness to complete the whole assembly operation to produce only one unit product. This technique does not require a special layout of the workshop at which of the product made it impossible to continue manufacturing depending on the one operator method discussed , due to the lack of the skilled and well trained operators. Designers try to simplify the assembly operations by sharing more than one operator in the assembly producer of one unit product. That required assigning equal amounts of work to be done by every operator. For large industries the number of operators was increased and the job specialization was reduced to a considerable extent. The operations performed by every skilled operators .
That principal of the division of labor when applied to mass assembly of manufactured items takes the form of a line called ”the assembly line”.
The basic characteristics of the assembly line is that the operators have fixed stations along the line on which moves the product being assembled. As the product progresses down the line, each operator adds to it his share of work as the product passes him, then it is shiffed to the next operator , such technique is called (progressive assembly). Since 1913 progressive assembly of manufacturing products has been practiced in industry by several or many operators. Aproblem associated with this type of manufacture is apportion the assembly work equally to all operarors. This is a combinatorial problem since there are many ways in which the work elements may product. Different acceptable grouping of work elements can provide different amounts of assembly line unproductive time and even vary the number of works required for a designed production output.
In assembly line balancing , balance refers to equity of output of each successive operation in the sequence of the line . If they are all equal , than it is a condition of perfect balance and it is expected to be flow. If they are unequal , then it is a condition of maximum possible output for the line as a whole and will be dictated by the slowest operation in the sequence . The slowest operation, often called the bottleneck operation ,restricts the flow of parts in a line, this means that wasted capacity is obtained in all operations, except the bottleneck operation . In brief, assembly line balancing techniques are techniques used to smoothen and balance between successive operators and reduce the wasted capacity in all operations.